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Related papers: A Probability Puzzle

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This study has the purpose of addressing four questions that lie at the base of the probability theory and statistics, and includes two main steps. As first, we conduct the textual analysis of the most significant works written by eminent…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2019-01-15 Paolo Rocchi

These lectures introduce key concepts in probability and statistical inference at a level suitable for graduate students in particle physics. Our goal is to paint as vivid a picture as possible of the concepts covered.

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Harrison B. Prosper

Tablut is a complete-knowledge, deterministic, and asymmetric board game, which has not been solved nor properly studied yet. In this work, its rules and characteristics are presented, then a study on its complexity is reported. An upper…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Andrea Galassi

A general piecewise (including pointwise) probability distribution with space-saving notation and its hierarchical particular cases are considered. The explicit closed-form normalization, expectation, and variance formulas along with the…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-01 Lev Gelimson

Developing a better understanding of surprising or counterintuitive phenomena has constituted a significant portion of deep learning research in recent years. These include double descent, grokking, and the lottery ticket hypothesis --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Alan Jeffares , Mihaela van der Schaar

An important, yet largely unstudied, problem in student data analysis is to detect misconceptions from students' responses to open-response questions. Misconception detection enables instructors to deliver more targeted feedback on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-31 Joshua J. Michalenko , Andrew S. Lan , Richard G. Baraniuk

We investigate the complexity of a puzzle that turns out to be NL-complete.

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-13 Holger Petersen

The theory of random real numbers is exceedingly well-developed, and fascinating from many points of view. It is also quite challenging mathematically. The present notes are intended as no more than a gateway to the larger theory. They…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-09-14 Daniel Osherson , Scott Weinstein

We consider a somehow peculiar Token/Bucket problem which at first sight looks confusing and difficult to solve. The winning approach to solve the problem consists in going back to the simple and traditional methods to solve computer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-06-02 Andrea Pasquinucci

This celebratory article contains a personal and idiosyncratic selection of a few open problems in discrete probability theory. These include certain well known questions concerning Lorentz scatterers and self-avoiding walks, and also some…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Geoffrey R. Grimmett

This note argues that when dot-plotting distributions typically found in papers about web and social networks (degree distributions, component-size distributions, etc.), and more generally distributions that have high variability in their…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-02-25 Sebastiano Vigna

Sampling distribution, a foundational concept in statistics, is difficult to understand, since we usually have only one realization of the estimator of interest. In this work, we present an innovative method for helping university students…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-07-26 Mariela Sued , Marina Valdora

This paper is an attempt to bring together two approaches to language analysis. The possible use of probabilistic information in principle-based grammars and parsers is considered, including discussion on some theoretical and computational…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Andrew Fordham , Matthew Crocker

This is the first of the proposed sets of notes to be published in the website Gonit Sora (http://gonitsora.com). The notes will hopefully be able to help the students to learn their subject in an easy and comprehensible way. These notes…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2014-05-02 Rupam Haloi , Manjil P. Saikia

Complex continuous or mixed joint distributions (e.g., P(Y | z_1, z_2, ..., z_N)) generally lack closed-form solutions, often necessitating approximations such as MCMC. This paper proposes Indeterminate Probability Theory (IPT), which makes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Tao Yang , Chuang Liu , Xiaofeng Ma , Weijia Lu , Ning Wu , Bingyang Li , Zhifei Yang , Peng Liu , Lin Sun , Xiaodong Zhang , Can Zhang

We survey recent developments in the study of probabilistic complexity classes. While the evidence seems to support the conjecture that probabilism can be deterministically simulated with relatively low overhead, i.e., that $P=BPP$, it also…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2008-12-15 Russell Impagliazzo

It is shown that under reasonable assumptions a Drake-style equation can be obtained for the probability that our universe is the result of a deliberate simulation. Evaluating loose bounds for certain terms in the equation shows that the…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-03-23 Alexandre Bibeau-Delisle , Gilles Brassard

Prediction is a complex notion, and different predictors (such as people, computer programs, and probabilistic theories) can pursue very different goals. In this paper I will review some popular kinds of prediction and argue that the theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Vladimir Vovk

I think we can agree that dealing with uncertainty is not easy. Probability is the main tool for dealing with uncertainty, and we know there are many probability-related puzzles and paradoxes. Here I describe a rather idiosyncratic…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-01-19 Yudi Pawitan

In this paper an algorithm designed for large databases is introduced for the enhancement of pass rates in mathematical university lower division courses with several sections. Using integer programming techniques, the algorithm finds the…

General Economics · Economics 2020-10-09 Fernando A Morales , Cristian C Chica , Carlos A Osorio , Daniel Cabarcas J