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Entropic arguments are shown to play a central role in the foundations of quantum theory. We prove that probabilities are given by the modulus squared of wave functions, and that the time evolution of states is linear and also unitary.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ariel Caticha

In Diophantine approximation, Vaaler's theorem was an important partial result towards the Duffin--Schaeffer conjecture, which was open for almost eighty years before it was recently proven by Koukoulopoulos and Maynard. A version of this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-01 Matthew Palmer

A permutation is defined to be cycle-up-down if it is a product of cycles that, when written starting with their smallest element, have an up-down pattern. We prove bijectively and analytically that these permutations are enumerated by the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-30 Emeric Deutsch , Sergi Elizalde

The probability distribution of the entropy production for the effusion of an ideal gas between two compartments is calculated explicitly. The fluctuation theorem is verified. The analytic results are in good agreement with numerical data…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 B. Cleuren , C. Van den Broeck , R. Kawai

We give conditions for when two Euler products are the same given that they satisfy a functional equation and their coefficients are not too large and do not differ from each other by too much. Additionally, we prove a number of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-13 David W. Farmer , Ameya Pitale , Nathan C. Ryan , Ralf Schmidt

We motivate and then prove a generalized pythagorean theorem for parallelepipeds in Euclidean space.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2010-01-05 Charles Frohman

In the paper, 2 explicit formulas for the Euler numbers of the second kind are obtained. Based on those formulas a exponential generating function is deduced. Using the generating function some well-known and new identities for the Euler…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-27 Dmitry V. Kruchinin , Vladimir V. Kruchinin

We introduce poly-Bernoulli polynomials in two variables by using a generalization of Stirling numbers of the second kind that we studied in a previous work. We prove the bi-variate poly-Bernoulli polynomial version of some known results on…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Claudio Pita-Ruiz

We give a short proof of Stein's universal multiplier theorem, purely by probabilistic methods, thus avoiding any use of harmonic analysis techniques (complex interpolation or transference methods).

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2014-08-21 Dario Trevisan

We prove a recent conjecture by Ulas on reducible polynomial substitutions.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-01 Peter Müller

The phenomenon of quantum entanglement is explained in a way which is fully consistent with Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity. A subtle flaw is identified in the logic supporting the view that Bell's Inequality precludes all local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jeremy L. Fellows

Many mathematicians have been studying various degenerate versions of special polynomials and numbers in some arithmetic and combinatorial aspects. Our main focus here is a new type of degenerate poly-Euler polynomials and numbers. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Yuankui Ma , Taekyun Kim , Hongze Li

The Fluctuation Theorem describes the probability ratio of observing trajectories that satisfy or violate the second law of thermodynamics. It has been proved in a number of different ways for thermostatted deterministic nonequilibrium…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 Debra J. Searles , Denis J. Evans

We deduce the asymptotic error distribution of the Euler method for the nonlinear filtering problem with continuous-time observations. Previous works by several authors have shown that the error structure of the method is characterized by…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-09-10 Teppei Ogihara , Hideyuki Tanaka

We prove the existence of at least two geometrically different periodic solution with winding number N for the forced relativistic pendulum. The instability of a solution is also proved. The proof is topological and based on the version of…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Stefano Marò

The one dimensional probabilistic toy model of particle scattering theory is proposed. The toy model version of scattering probability is proved to be equal to the hypervolume of a n-dimensional figure. The solution for any n-particle toy…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-11-18 Kyeong Min Kim

This note presents a proof of P\'olya's random walk theorem using classical methods from special function theory and asymptotic analysis.

Probability · Mathematics 2013-04-19 Jonathan Novak

It is shown by the means of Time-Space Model of Wave Propagation the underlying phenomena of the alternating current's origin in famous Faraday's experiment.

General Physics · Physics 2009-09-25 Alexei Krouglov

The combinatorial theory for the set of parity alternating permutations is expounded. In view of the numbers of ascents and inversions, several enumerative aspects of the set are investigated. In particular, it is shown that signed Eulerian…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Shinji Tanimoto

We study counting statistics of number of transitions in a stochastic process. For mesoscopic systems, a path integral formulation for the counting statistics has already been derived. We here show that it is also possible to derive the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-07-21 Jun Ohkubo
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