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Graph algorithms, such as shortest path finding, play a crucial role in enabling essential applications and services like infrastructure planning and navigation, making their correctness important. However, thoroughly testing graph…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Wenqi Yan , Manuel Rigger , Anthony Wirth , Van-Thuan Pham

Foundational models (FMs), pretrained on extensive datasets using self-supervised techniques, are capable of learning generalized patterns from large amounts of data. This reduces the need for extensive labeled datasets for each new task,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Quan M. Tran , Suong N. Hoang , Lam M. Nguyen , Dzung Phan , Hoang Thanh Lam

Image segmentation foundation models (SFMs) like Segment Anything Model (SAM) have achieved impressive zero-shot and interactive segmentation across diverse domains. However, they struggle to segment objects with certain structures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Yixin Zhang , Nicholas Konz , Kevin Kramer , Maciej A. Mazurowski

In a world, where complexity increases on a daily basis the Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) cloud model seams to take countermeasures. In comparison to other cloud models, the fast evolving FaaS increasingly abstracts the underlying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Roland Pellegrini , Igor Ivkic , Markus Tauber

Graphical User Interface (GUI) has become one of the most significant parts of mobile applications (apps). It is a direct bridge between mobile apps and end users, which directly affects the end user's experience. Neglecting GUI quality can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shengcheng Yu , Chunrong Fang , Ziyuan Tuo , Quanjun Zhang , Chunyang Chen , Zhenyu Chen , Zhendong Su

Multi-window mobile scenarios, such as split-screen and foldable modes, make GUI display defects more likely by forcing applications to adapt to changing window sizes and dynamic layout reflow. Existing detection techniques are limited in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Xinyao Zhang , Rui Wang , Jinhao Cui , Haotian Huang , Wei Xue , Wenhua Hu , Jianwen Xiang , Rui Hao

With the deep integration of artificial intelligence and interactive technology, Graphical User Interface (GUI) Agent, as the carrier connecting goal-oriented natural language and real-world devices, has received widespread attention from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Leyang Yang , Ziwei Wang , Xiaoxuan Tang , Sheng Zhou , Dajun Chen , Wei Jiang , Yong Li

Comprehensive evaluation of the recommendation capabilities of existing foundation models across diverse datasets and domains is essential for advancing the development of recommendation foundation models. In this study, we introduce…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Qijiong Liu , Jieming Zhu , Yingxin Lai , Xiaoyu Dong , Lu Fan , Zhipeng Bian , Zhenhua Dong , Xiao-Ming Wu

Foundation models have transformed natural language processing and computer vision, and a rapidly growing literature on time-series foundation models (TSFMs) seeks to replicate this success in forecasting. While recent open-source models…

Despite the rapid progress of large vision-language models (LVLMs), fine-grained, state-conditioned GUI interaction remains challenging. Current evaluations offer limited coverage, imprecise target-state definitions, and an overreliance on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Fengxian Ji , Jingpu Yang , Zirui Song , Yuanxi Wang , Zhexuan Cui , Yuke Li , Qian Jiang , Xiuying Chen

Foundation models have transformed natural language processing and computer vision, and their impact is now reshaping remote sensing image analysis. With powerful generalization and transfer learning capabilities, they align naturally with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Liling Yang , Ning Chen , Jun Yue , Yidan Liu , Jiayi Ma , Pedram Ghamisi , Antonio Plaza , Leyuan Fang

We investigated visual reasoning limitations of both multimodal large language models (MLLMs) and image generation models (IGMs) by creating a novel benchmark to systematically compare failure modes across image-to-text and text-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aahana Basappa , Pranay Goel , Anusri Karra , Anish Karra , Asa Gilmore , Kevin Zhu

We evaluate the video understanding capabilities of existing foundation models (FMs) using a carefully designed experiment protocol consisting of three hallmark tasks (action recognition,temporal localization, and spatiotemporal…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown significant potential in medical image analysis. However, their capabilities in interpreting fundus images, a critical skill for ophthalmology, remain under-evaluated. Existing benchmarks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Qijie Wei , Kaiheng Qian , Xirong Li

Due to the popularity of the FaaS programming model, there is now a wide variety of commercial and open-source FaaS systems. Hence, for comparison of different FaaS systems and their configuration options, FaaS application developers rely…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Martin Grambow , Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

World foundation models, which simulate the physical world by predicting future states from current observations and inputs, have become central to many applications in physical intelligence, including autonomous driving and robotics.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Wenyan Cong , Hanqing Zhu , Peihao Wang , Bangya Liu , Dejia Xu , Kevin Wang , David Z. Pan , Yan Wang , Zhiwen Fan , Zhangyang Wang

Foundation models are transformative in artificial intelligence, but building them from scratch, especially for mobility trajectories, is not yet clear or documented. This tutorial bridges this gap by demonstrating the steps and code of a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Gaspard Merten , Mahmoud Sakr , Gilles Dejaegere

As vision-language models (VLMs) become increasingly capable, maintaining a balance between safety and usefulness remains a central challenge. Safety mechanisms, while essential, can backfire, causing over-refusal, where models decline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kaixuan Ren , Preslav Nakov , Usman Naseem

Dealing with the evolution of operating systems is challenging for developers of mobile apps, who have to deal with frequent upgrades that often include backward incompatible changes of the underlying API framework. As a consequence of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Marco Mobilio , Oliviero Riganelli , Daniela Micucci , Leonardo Mariani

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have rapidly advanced and are becoming a common backbone for downstream clinical tasks, offering strong transferability across tissues and institutions. However, for dense prediction (e.g., segmentation),…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Weiming Chen , Xitong Ling , Xidong Wang , Zhenyang Cai , Yijia Guo , Mingxi Fu , Ziyi Zeng , Minxi Ouyang , Jiawen Li , Yizhi Wang , Tian Guan , Benyou Wang , Yonghong He