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Natural Language Inference (NLI) is a growingly essential task in natural language understanding, which requires inferring the relationship between the sentence pairs (premise and hypothesis). Recently, low-resource natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shu'ang Li , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Aiwei Liu , Lijie Wen , Philip S. Yu

Natural language inference (NLI) is a fundamental NLP task, investigating the entailment relationship between two texts. Popular NLI datasets present the task at sentence-level. While adequate for testing semantic representations, they fall…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Hanmeng Liu , Leyang Cui , Jian Liu , Yue Zhang

We propose an alternate approach to quantifying how well language models learn natural language: we ask how well they match the statistical tendencies of natural language. To answer this question, we analyze whether text generated from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Clara Meister , Ryan Cotterell

Natural Language Inference (NLI) is the task of determining whether a sentence pair represents entailment, contradiction, or a neutral relationship. While NLI models perform well on many inference tasks, their ability to handle fine-grained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Tara Azin , Daniel Dumitrescu , Diana Inkpen , Raj Singh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in Natural Language Processing (NLP), achieving impressive performance in text generation. Their token-level representations capture rich, human-aligned semantics. However, pooling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Benedikt Roth , Stephan Rappensperger , Tianming Qiu , Hamza Imamović , Julian Wörmann , Hao Shen

Contrast consistency, the ability of a model to make consistently correct predictions in the presence of perturbations, is an essential aspect in NLP. While studied in tasks such as sentiment analysis and reading comprehension, it remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhihan Zhang , Wenhao Yu , Zheng Ning , Mingxuan Ju , Meng Jiang

Natural language inference (NLI) is an increasingly important task for natural language understanding, which requires one to infer the relationship between the sentence pair (premise and hypothesis). Many recent works have used contrastive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Shu'ang Li , Xuming Hu , Li Lin , Lijie Wen

Natural Language Inference (NLI) datasets contain examples with highly ambiguous labels. While many research works do not pay much attention to this fact, several recent efforts have been made to acknowledge and embrace the existence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Johannes Mario Meissner , Napat Thumwanit , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

The translation of pronouns presents a special challenge to machine translation to this day, since it often requires context outside the current sentence. Recent work on models that have access to information across sentence boundaries has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-07 Mathias Müller , Annette Rios , Elena Voita , Rico Sennrich

Fine-tuning pre-trained contextualized embedding models has become an integral part of the NLP pipeline. At the same time, probing has emerged as a way to investigate the linguistic knowledge captured by pre-trained models. Very little is,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Marius Mosbach , Anna Khokhlova , Michael A. Hedderich , Dietrich Klakow

Machine learning models can reach high performance on benchmark natural language processing (NLP) datasets but fail in more challenging settings. We study this issue when a pre-trained model learns dataset artifacts in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Zhenyuan Lu

Modern natural language processing (NLP) methods employ self-supervised pretraining objectives such as masked language modeling to boost the performance of various application tasks. These pretraining methods are frequently extended with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nils Rethmeier , Isabelle Augenstein

Recent relation extraction (RE) works have shown encouraging improvements by conducting contrastive learning on silver labels generated by distant supervision before fine-tuning on gold labels. Existing methods typically assume all these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 William Hogan , Jiacheng Li , Jingbo Shang

Although pre-trained language models show good performance on various natural language processing tasks, they often rely on non-causal features and patterns to determine the outcome. For natural language inference tasks, previous results…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Heerin Yang , Sseung-won Hwang , Jungmin So

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are so powerful that they sometimes learn correlations between labels and features that are irrelevant to the task, leading to poor generalization on out-of-distribution data. We propose explanation-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Josh Magnus Ludan , Yixuan Meng , Tai Nguyen , Saurabh Shah , Qing Lyu , Marianna Apidianaki , Chris Callison-Burch

Natural Language Inference is a challenging task that has received substantial attention, and state-of-the-art models now achieve impressive test set performance in the form of accuracy scores. Here, we go beyond this single evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Vicente Ivan Sanchez Carmona , Jeff Mitchell , Sebastian Riedel

Recent work has shown that pre-trained language models such as BERT improve robustness to spurious correlations in the dataset. Intrigued by these results, we find that the key to their success is generalization from a small amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-12 Lifu Tu , Garima Lalwani , Spandana Gella , He He

Despite pre-trained language models have proven useful for learning high-quality semantic representations, these models are still vulnerable to simple perturbations. Recent works aimed to improve the robustness of pre-trained models mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Dong Wang , Ning Ding , Piji Li , Hai-Tao Zheng

Small Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly being deployed in resource-constrained environments, yet their behavioral robustness to data contamination during instruction tuning remains poorly understood. We systematically investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Nicy Scaria , Silvester John Joseph Kennedy , Deepak Subramani