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In this study, we explore the use of Convolutional Neural Networks for improving train speed estimation accuracy, addressing the complex challenges of modern railway systems. We investigate three CNN architectures - single-branch 2D,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Haitao Tian , Argyrios Zolotas , Miguel Arana-Catania

In this article, we propose a new filtering algorithm based in the Koopman operator, showing that a nonlinear filtering problem can be seen as an equivalent problem where the dynamics is infinite dimensional, but linear. Using Extended…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Diego Olguín , Axel Osses , Héctor Ramírez

This work presents a distributionally robust Kalman filter to address uncertainties in noise covariance matrices and predicted covariance estimates. We adopt a distributionally robust formulation using bicausal optimal transport to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Bingyan Han

Urban environments offer a challenging scenario for autonomous driving. Globally localizing information, such as a GPS signal, can be unreliable due to signal shadowing and multipath errors. Detailed a priori maps of the environment with…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Jordan Chipka , Mark Campbell

There are two critical sensors for 3D perception in autonomous driving, the camera and the LiDAR. The camera provides rich semantic information such as color, texture, and the LiDAR reflects the 3D shape and locations of surrounding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Kaicheng Yu , Tang Tao , Hongwei Xie , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongwei Wu , Zhongyu Xia , Tingting Liang , Haiyang Sun , Jiong Deng , Dayang Hao , Yongtao Wang , Xiaodan Liang , Bing Wang

The current fusion positioning systems are mainly based on filtering algorithms, such as Kalman filtering or particle filtering. However, the system complexity of practical application scenarios is often very high, such as noise modeling in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-29 Luchi Hua , Jun Yang

The fusion of camera sensor and inertial data is a leading method for ego-motion tracking in autonomous and smart devices. State estimation techniques that rely on non-linear filtering are a strong paradigm for solving the associated…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Arno Solin , Rui Li , Andrea Pilzer

Ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor localization provides centimeter-level accuracy and low latency, but its measurement reliability degrades severely under Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) conditions, leading to meter-scale ranging errors and inconsistent…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-20 Kyeonghyun Yoo , Wooyong Jung , Namkyung Yoon , Sangmin Lee , Sanghong Kim , Hwangnam Kim

This note studies the use of relays to improve the performance of Kalman filtering over packet dropping links. Packet reception probabilities are governed by time-varying fading channel gains, and the sensor and relay transmit powers. We…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-20 Alex S. Leong , Daniel E. Quevedo

Localization and Mapping is an essential component to enable Autonomous Vehicles navigation, and requires an accuracy exceeding that of commercial GPS-based systems. Current odometry and mapping algorithms are able to provide this accurate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Victor Vaquero , Kai Fischer , Francesc Moreno-Noguer , Alberto Sanfeliu , Stefan Milz

Achieving highly accurate dynamic or simulator models that are close to the real robot can facilitate model-based controls (e.g., model predictive control or linear-quadradic regulators), model-based trajectory planning (e.g., trajectory…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Alexander Schperberg , Yusuke Tanaka , Feng Xu , Marcel Menner , Dennis Hong

Multi-modal object detection in autonomous driving has achieved great breakthroughs due to the usage of fusing complementary information from different sensors. The calibration in fusion between sensors such as LiDAR and camera was always…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Zhihang Song , Dingyi Yao , Ruibo Ming , Lihui Peng , Danya Yao , Yi Zhang

This paper is on learning the Kalman gain by policy optimization method. Firstly, we reformulate the finite-horizon Kalman filter as a policy optimization problem of the dual system. Secondly, we obtain the global linear convergence of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-30 Haoran Li , Yuan-Hua Ni

The accurate navigation of autonomous underwater vehicles critically depends on the precision of Doppler velocity log (DVL) velocity measurements. Recent advancements in deep learning have demonstrated significant potential in improving DVL…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Nadav Cohen , Itzik Klein

In this paper, we focus on batch state estimation for linear systems. This problem is important in applications such as environmental field estimation, robotic navigation, and target tracking. Its difficulty lies on that limited operational…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-09-27 Vasileios Tzoumas , Ali Jadbabaie , George J. Pappas

Accurate 3D object detection is critical for autonomous driving, necessitating reliable, cost-effective sensors capable of operating in adverse weather conditions. Camera and millimeter-wave radar fusion has emerged as a promising solution;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bingyi Liu , Chuanhui Zhu , Hongfei Xue , Jian Teng , Jipeng Liu , Enshu Wang , Penglin Dai , Pu Wang

This paper presents a computationally efficient and robust LiDAR-inertial odometry framework. We fuse LiDAR feature points with IMU data using a tightly-coupled iterated extended Kalman filter to allow robust navigation in fast-motion,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Wei Xu , Fu Zhang

The Kalman Filter (KF) parameters are traditionally determined by noise estimation, since under the KF assumptions, the state prediction errors are minimized when the parameters correspond to the noise covariance. However, noise estimation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Ido Greenberg , Shie Mannor , Netanel Yannay

Reliable curb detection is critical for safe autonomous driving in urban contexts. Curb detection and tracking are also useful in vehicle localization and path planning. Past work utilized a 3D LiDAR sensor to determine accurate distance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Iljoo Baek , Tzu-Chieh Tai , Manoj Bhat , Karun Ellango , Tarang Shah , Kamal Fuseini , Ragunathan , Rajkumar

LiDAR semantic segmentation plays a crucial role in enabling autonomous driving and robots to understand their surroundings accurately and robustly. A multitude of methods exist within this domain, including point-based, range-image-based,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Rong Li , ShiJie Li , Xieyuanli Chen , Teli Ma , Juergen Gall , Junwei Liang