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Pairwise human-preference platforms such as Chatbot Arena have become central to large language model (LLM) evaluation, yet reliable task-specific ranking remains challenging. Global leaderboards mask task heterogeneity, while ranking each…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-29 Jiachun Li , David Simchi-Levi , Will Wei Sun

There is increasing attention to evaluating the fairness of search system ranking decisions. These metrics often consider the membership of items to particular groups, often identified using protected attributes such as gender or ethnicity.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Ömer Kırnap , Fernando Diaz , Asia Biega , Michael Ekstrand , Ben Carterette , Emine Yılmaz

Pairwise re-ranking models predict which of two documents is more relevant to a query and then aggregate a final ranking from such preferences. This is often more effective than pointwise re-ranking models that directly predict a relevance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Lukas Gienapp , Maik Fröbe , Matthias Hagen , Martin Potthast

Learning to rank -- producing a ranked list of items specific to a query and with respect to a set of supervisory items -- is a problem of general interest. The setting we consider is one in which no analytic description of what constitutes…

Many latent (factorized) models have been proposed for recommendation tasks like collaborative filtering and for ranking tasks like document or image retrieval and annotation. Common to all those methods is that during inference the items…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jason Weston , John Blitzer

This paper proposes a sparse regression strategy for discovery of ordinary differential equations from incomplete and noisy data. Inference is performed over both equation parameters and state variables using a statistically motivated…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Teddy Meissner , Karl Glasner

Learning to rank is an important problem in machine learning and recommender systems. In a recommender system, a user is typically recommended a list of items. Since the user is unlikely to examine the entire recommended list, partial…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-22 Prakhar Gupta , Gaurush Hiranandani , Harvineet Singh , Branislav Kveton , Zheng Wen , Iftikhar Ahamath Burhanuddin

We study the problem of ranking a set of items from nonactively chosen pairwise preferences where each item has feature information with it. We propose and characterize a very broad class of preference matrices giving rise to the Feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-10 U. N. Niranjan , Arun Rajkumar

Many applications such as recommendation systems or sports tournaments involve pairwise comparisons within a collection of $n$ items, the goal being to aggregate the binary outcomes of the comparisons in order to recover the latent strength…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-13 Eglantine Karlé , Hemant Tyagi

Motivated by the need for rigorous and scalable evaluation of large language models, we study contextual preference inference for pairwise comparison functionals of context-dependent preference score functions across domains. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-09 Yichi Zhang , Alexander Belloni , Ethan X. Fang , Junwei Lu , Xiaoan Xu

A common problem faced in statistical inference is drawing conclusions from paired comparisons, in which two objects compete and one is declared the victor. A probabilistic approach to such a problem is the Bradley-Terry model, first…

Applications · Statistics 2017-12-19 Gabriel C. Phelan , John T. Whelan

We propose a scalable Bayesian preference learning method for jointly predicting the preferences of individuals as well as the consensus of a crowd from pairwise labels. Peoples' opinions often differ greatly, making it difficult to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Edwin Simpson , Iryna Gurevych

We attack the problem of getting a strict ranking (i.e. a ranking without equally ranked items) of $n$ items from a pairwise comparisons matrix. Basic structures are described, a first heuristical approach based on a condition, the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Jean-Pierre Magnot

We propose a general framework for statistical inference on the overall strengths of players in pairwise comparisons, allowing for potential shifts in the covariate distribution. These covariates capture important contextual information…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-10 Xiudi Li , Sijia Li

Data dispersed across multiple files are commonly integrated through probabilistic linkage methods, where even minimal error rates in record matching can significantly contaminate subsequent statistical analyses. In regression problems, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-18 Abhisek Chakraborty , Saptati Datta

There is an innate human tendency, one might call it the "league table mentality," to construct rankings. Schools, hospitals, sports teams, movies, and myriad other objects are ranked even though their inherent multi-dimensionality would…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-09-16 Jiaying Gu , Roger Koenker

There has been a recent surge of interest in studying permutation-based models for ranking from pairwise comparison data. Despite being structurally richer and more robust than parametric ranking models, permutation-based models are less…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-31 Cheng Mao , Jonathan Weed , Philippe Rigollet

This paper presents a novel technique for incorporating user input when learning and inferring user preferences. When trying to provide users of black-box machine learning models with actionable recourse, we often wish to incorporate their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Kaivalya Rawal , Himabindu Lakkaraju

We consider the problem of ranking $N$ objects starting from a set of noisy pairwise comparisons provided by a crowd of equal workers. We assume that objects are endowed with intrinsic qualities and that the probability with which an object…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Evgenia Christoforou , Alessandro Nordio , Alberto Tarable , Emilio Leonardi

In a wide class of paired comparisons, especially in the sports games, in which all subjects are divided into several groups, the intragroup comparisons are dense and the intergroup comparisons are sparse. Typical examples include the NFL…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2012-06-11 Ting Yan , Jinfeng Xu , Yaning Yang
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