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Federated learning (FL) is a distributed learning technique that trains a shared model over distributed data in a privacy-preserving manner. Unfortunately, FL's performance degrades when there is (i) variability in client characteristics in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Muhammad Tahir Munir , Muhammad Mustansar Saeed , Mahad Ali , Zafar Ayyub Qazi , Ihsan Ayyub Qazi

Federated learning (FL) enables distributed learning across edge devices while protecting data privacy. However, the learning accuracy decreases due to the heterogeneity of devices' data, and the computation and communication latency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xiaonan Liu , Tharmalingam Ratnarajah , Mathini Sellathurai , Yonina C. Eldar

Personalized Federated Learning (PFL) is widely employed in IoT applications to handle high-volume, non-iid client data while ensuring data privacy. However, heterogeneous edge devices owned by clients may impose varying degrees of resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Ziru Niu , Hai Dong , A. K. Qin

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human language, but efficient inference on resource-constrained embedded devices remains challenging due to large model sizes and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Weihong Xu , Haein Choi , Po-kai Hsu , Shimeng Yu , Tajana Rosing

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as a powerful foundation for intelligent reasoning and decision-making, demonstrating substantial impact across a wide range of domains and applications. However, their massive parameter scales and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mingyu Sun , Xiao Zhang , Shen Qu , Yan Li , Mengbai Xiao , Yuan Yuan , Dongxiao Yu

LLM pruning has emerged as a promising technology for compressing LLMs, enabling their deployment on resource-limited devices. However, current methodologies typically require access to public calibration samples, which can be challenging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Pengxin Guo , Yinong Wang , Wei Li , Mengting Liu , Ming Li , Jinkai Zheng , Liangqiong Qu

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced the field of natural language processing (NLP). By fine-tuning LLMs with data from specific scenarios, these foundation models can better adapt to various downstream…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Jiaqi Wu , Simin Chen , Yuzhe Yang , Yijiang Li , Shiyue Hou , Rui Jing , Zehua Wang , Wei Chen , Zijian Tian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained prominence in the field of Legal Intelligence, offering potential applications in assisting legal professionals and laymen. However, the centralized training of these Legal LLMs raises data privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Linan Yue , Qi Liu , Yichao Du , Weibo Gao , Ye Liu , Fangzhou Yao

Federated fine-tuning offers a promising approach for tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, fine-tuning these models on edge devices remains challenging due to high memory,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Mohamed Aboelenien Ahmed , Kilian Pfeiffer , Ramin Khalili , Heba Khdr , Jörg Henkel

Federated learning (FL) offers privacy-preserving decentralized machine learning, optimizing models at edge clients without sharing private data. Simultaneously, foundation models (FMs) have gained traction in the artificial intelligence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Sixing Yu , J. Pablo Muñoz , Ali Jannesari

The current paradigm of training large language models (LLMs) on public available Web data is becoming unsustainable as high-quality data sources in specialized domains near exhaustion. Federated Learning (FL) emerges as a practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Guochen Yan , Luyuan Xie , Qingni Shen , Yuejian Fang , Zhonghai Wu

Fine-tuning is the process of adapting the pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks. Due to substantial parameters, fine-tuning LLMs on mobile devices demands considerable memory resources, and suffers from high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Xinyu Huang , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Lingyang Song , Xuemin Shen

Federated fine-tuning has emerged as a promising approach to adapt foundation models to downstream tasks using decentralized data. However, real-world deployment remains challenging due to the high computational and communication demands of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yajie Zhou , Xiaoyi Pang , Zhibo Wang

Finetuning large language models (LLMs) in federated learning (FL) settings has become increasingly important as it allows resource-constrained devices to finetune a model using private data. However, finetuning LLMs using backpropagation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Kunjal Panchal , Nisarg Parikh , Sunav Choudhary , Lijun Zhang , Yuriy Brun , Hui Guan

Large language models (LLMs) are useful in many NLP tasks and become more capable with size, with the best open-source models having over 50 billion parameters. However, using these 50B+ models requires high-end hardware, making them…

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, LLaMA, GLM, and PaLM, have exhibited remarkable performances across various tasks in recent years. However, LLMs face two main challenges in real-world applications. One challenge is that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Tao Fan , Yan Kang , Guoqiang Ma , Weijing Chen , Wenbin Wei , Lixin Fan , Qiang Yang

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed training on edge devices but faces significant challenges due to resource constraints in edge environments, impacting both communication and computational efficiency. Existing iterative pruning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Haonan Wang , Zeli Liu , Kajimusugura Hoshino , Tuo Zhang , John Paul Walters , Stephen Crago

Federated learning (FL) provides a privacy-preserving solution for fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) using distributed private datasets, enabling task-specific adaptation while preserving data privacy. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Robert Schober

Neural network pruning is an essential technique for reducing the size and complexity of deep neural networks, enabling large-scale models on devices with limited resources. However, existing pruning approaches heavily rely on training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Hong Huang , Lan Zhang , Chaoyue Sun , Ruogu Fang , Xiaoyong Yuan , Dapeng Wu

Federated Learning (FL) has shown considerable promise in Machine Learning (ML) across numerous devices for privacy protection, efficient data utilization, and dynamic collaboration. However, mobile devices typically have limited and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhen Yu , Yachao Yuan , Jin Wang , Zhipeng Cheng , Jianhua Hu