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Vision-language (VL) pre-training has recently received considerable attention. However, most existing end-to-end pre-training approaches either only aim to tackle VL tasks such as image-text retrieval, visual question answering (VQA) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zi-Yi Dou , Aishwarya Kamath , Zhe Gan , Pengchuan Zhang , Jianfeng Wang , Linjie Li , Zicheng Liu , Ce Liu , Yann LeCun , Nanyun Peng , Jianfeng Gao , Lijuan Wang

Prevailing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encode the input image(s) as vision tokens and feed them into the language backbone, similar to how Large Language Models (LLMs) process the text tokens. However, the number of vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shiyu Zhao , Zhenting Wang , Felix Juefei-Xu , Xide Xia , Miao Liu , Xiaofang Wang , Mingfu Liang , Ning Zhang , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Licheng Yu

Large multimodal models (LMMs) suffer significant computational challenges due to the high cost of Large Language Models (LLMs) and the quadratic complexity of processing long vision token sequences. In this paper, we explore the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hao Tang , Chengchao Shen

The quadratic complexity of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) with respect to context length poses significant computational and memory challenges, hindering their real-world deployment. In the paper, we devise a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuhang Han , Xuyang Liu , Zihan Zhang , Pengxiang Ding , Junjie Chen , Donglin Wang , Honggang Chen , Qingsen Yan , Siteng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in handling long context inputs, but this comes at the cost of increased computational resources and latency. Our research introduces a novel approach for the long…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenmei Shi , Yifei Ming , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Yingyu Liang , Shafiq Joty

One of the primary areas of interest in High Performance Computing is the improvement of performance of parallel workloads. Nowadays, compilable source code-based optimization tasks that employ deep learning often exploit LLVM Intermediate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Akash Dutta , Ali Jannesari

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) has laid the foundation for multimodal models. However, visual language models (VLMs) still face heavy computational costs when extended from images to videos due to high frame rates and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Peiran Wu , Zhuorui Yu , Yunze Liu , Chi-Hao Wu , Enmin Zhou , Junxiao Shen

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated impressive performance in short video understanding tasks but face great challenges when applied to long video understanding. In contrast, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit outstanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Hongchen Wei , Zhenzhong Chen

Transformer-based models have driven significant advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet their computational costs surge drastically when scaling resolution, training data, and model parameters. A key bottleneck stems…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Weili Zeng , Ziyuan Huang , Kaixiang Ji , Yichao Yan

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encounter significant computational and memory bottlenecks from the massive number of visual tokens generated by high-resolution images or multi-image inputs. Previous token compression techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaying Zhu , Yurui Zhu , Xin Lu , Wenrui Yan , Dong Li , Kunlin Liu , Xueyang Fu , Zheng-Jun Zha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in source code understanding, yet as software systems grow in scale, computational efficiency has become a critical bottleneck. Currently, these models rely on a text-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yuling Shi , Chaoxiang Xie , Zhensu Sun , Yeheng Chen , Chenxu Zhang , Longfei Yun , Chengcheng Wan , Hongyu Zhang , David Lo , Xiaodong Gu

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are becoming increasingly popular, while the high computational cost associated with multimodal data input, particularly from visual tokens, poses a significant challenge. Existing training-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xudong Tan , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Jianjian Cao , Yaoxin Yang , Lin Zhang , Dongzhan Zhou , Tao Chen

While 3D Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate remarkable scene understanding capabilities, their practical deployment faces critical challenges due to computational inefficiency. The key bottleneck stems from processing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Wencan Huang , Daizong Liu , Wei Hu

In-context learning (ICL) facilitates Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibiting emergent ability on downstream tasks without updating billions of parameters. However, in the area of multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), two problems…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Jun Gao , Qian Qiao , Ziqiang Cao , Zili Wang , Wenjie Li

Existing approaches for improving the efficiency of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are largely based on the concept of visual token reduction. This approach, however, creates an information bottleneck that impairs performance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Adrian Bulat , Alberto Baldrati , Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Yassine Ouali , Georgios Tzimiropoulos

Despite the significant progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), their high computational cost remains a barrier to real-world deployment. Inspired by the mixture of depths (MoDs) in natural language processing, we aim to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Yaxin Luo , Gen Luo , Jiayi Ji , Yiyi Zhou , Xiaoshuai Sun , Zhiqiang Shen , Rongrong Ji

Large vision-language models (VLMs) typically process hundreds or thousands of visual tokens per image or video frame, incurring quadratic attention cost and substantial redundancy. Existing token reduction methods often ignore the textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kaitong Cai , Jusheng Zhang , Jing Yang , Yijia Fan , Pengtao Xie , Jian Wang , Keze Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in text understanding and embedding tasks. However, their potential in multimodal representation, particularly for item-to-item (I2I) recommendations, remains…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Chao Zhang , Haoxin Zhang , Shiwei Wu , Di Wu , Tong Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yan Gao , Yao Hu , Enhong Chen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on tasks such as video captioning and visual question answering. However, their growing scale and video-level inputs lead to significant computational and memory overhead,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Chiyue Wei , Cong Guo , Junyao Zhang , Haoxuan Shan , Yifan Xu , Ziyue Zhang , Yudong Liu , Qinsi Wang , Changchun Zhou , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal encoders on modality-specific data expands the modalities that LLMs can handle, leading to the formation of Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs). However, this paradigm heavily relies on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Junlin Li , Guodong DU , Jing Li , Sim Kuan Goh , Wenya Wang , Yequan Wang , Fangming Liu , Ho-Kin Tang , Saleh Alharbi , Daojing He , Min Zhang