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We present BadGD, a unified theoretical framework that exposes the vulnerabilities of gradient descent algorithms through strategic backdoor attacks. Backdoor attacks involve embedding malicious triggers into a training dataset to disrupt…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Chi-Hua Wang , Guang Cheng

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have shown great promise in various domains. However, vulnerabilities associated with DNN training, such as backdoor attacks, are a significant concern. These attacks involve the subtle insertion of triggers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Bart Pleiter , Behrad Tajalli , Stefanos Koffas , Gorka Abad , Jing Xu , Martha Larson , Stjepan Picek

The proliferation of malicious deepfake applications has ignited substantial public apprehension, casting a shadow of doubt upon the integrity of digital media. Despite the development of proficient deepfake detection mechanisms, they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Hong Sun , Ziqiang Li , Lei Liu , Bin Li

The widespread adoption of deep learning across various industries has introduced substantial challenges, particularly in terms of model explainability and security. The inherent complexity of deep learning models, while contributing to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Because state-of-the-art language models are expensive to train, most practitioners must make use of one of the few publicly available language models or language model APIs. This consolidation of trust increases the potency of backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Nikhil Kandpal , Matthew Jagielski , Florian Tramèr , Nicholas Carlini

With the success of deep learning algorithms in various domains, studying adversarial attacks to secure deep models in real world applications has become an important research topic. Backdoor attacks are a form of adversarial attacks on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Aniruddha Saha , Akshayvarun Subramanya , Hamed Pirsiavash

Deep learning models have been deployed in numerous real-world applications such as autonomous driving and surveillance. However, these models are vulnerable in adversarial environments. Backdoor attack is emerging as a severe security…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Shih-Han Chan , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou

With the prosperity of large language models (LLMs), powerful LLM-based intelligent agents have been developed to provide customized services with a set of user-defined tools. State-of-the-art methods for constructing LLM agents adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Yifei Wang , Dizhan Xue , Shengjie Zhang , Shengsheng Qian

Malicious agents in collaborative learning and outsourced data collection threaten the training of clean models. Backdoor attacks, where an attacker poisons a model during training to successfully achieve targeted misclassification, are a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Siddhartha Datta , Nigel Shadbolt

DNNs' demand for massive data forces practitioners to collect data from the Internet without careful check due to the unacceptable cost, which brings potential risks of backdoor attacks. A backdoored model always predicts a target class in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Yinghua Gao , Dongxian Wu , Jingfeng Zhang , Guanhao Gan , Shu-Tao Xia , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Backdoor attacks allow an attacker to embed a specific vulnerability in a machine learning algorithm, activated when an attacker-chosen pattern is presented, causing a specific misprediction. The need to identify backdoors in biometric…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Alexander Unnervik , Hatef Otroshi Shahreza , Anjith George , Sébastien Marcel

Model Inversion (MI) attacks pose a significant threat to the privacy of Deep Neural Networks by recovering training data distribution from well-trained models. While existing defenses often rely on regularization techniques to reduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Zhen-Ting Liu , Shang-Tse Chen

Backdoor attacks (BA) are an emerging threat to deep neural network classifiers. A classifier being attacked will predict to the attacker's target class when a test sample from a source class is embedded with the backdoor pattern (BP).…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Zhen Xiang , David J. Miller , Siheng Chen , Xi Li , George Kesidis

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao

Recently, ChatGPT has gained significant attention in research due to its ability to interact with humans effectively. The core idea behind this model is reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning, a new paradigm that allows language models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Jiawen Shi , Yixin Liu , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

Backdoor attacks are rapidly emerging threats to deep neural networks (DNNs). In the backdoor attack scenario, attackers usually implant the backdoor into the target model by manipulating the training dataset or training process. Then, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Nan Zhong , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Together with impressive advances touching every aspect of our society, AI technology based on Deep Neural Networks (DNN) is bringing increasing security concerns. While attacks operating at test time have monopolised the initial attention…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Wei Guo , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Architectural backdoors pose an under-examined but critical threat to deep neural networks, embedding malicious logic directly into a model's computational graph. Unlike traditional data poisoning or parameter manipulation, architectural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Victoria Childress , Josh Collyer , Jodie Knapp

Backdoor Malware are installed by an attacker on the victim's server(s) for authorized access. A customized backdoor is weaponized to execute unauthorized system, database and application commands to access the user credentials and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Anthony Cheuk Tung Lai , Vitaly Kamluk , Alan Ho , Ping Fan Ke , Byron Wai

Over the past few years, the emergence of backdoor attacks has presented significant challenges to deep learning systems, allowing attackers to insert backdoors into neural networks. When data with a trigger is processed by a backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Haiyang Yu , Tian Xie , Jiaping Gui , Pengyang Wang , Ping Yi , Yue Wu