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Lemmatization is a natural language processing (NLP) task which consists of producing, from a given inflected word, its canonical form or lemma. Lemmatization is one of the basic tasks that facilitate downstream NLP applications, and is of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Olia Toporkov , Rodrigo Agerri

Automatic text tagging is an important component in higher level analysis of text corpora, and its output can be used in many natural language processing applications. In languages like Turkish or Finnish, with agglutinative morphology,…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Kemal Oflazer , Ilker Kuruoz

Lemmatization is the process of grouping together the inflected forms of a word so they can be analysed as a single item, identified by the word's lemma, or dictionary form. In computational linguistics, lemmatisation is the algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Michal Karwatowski , Marcin Pietron

The necessity of using a fixed-size word vocabulary in order to control the model complexity in state-of-the-art neural machine translation (NMT) systems is an important bottleneck on performance, especially for morphologically rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Duygu Ataman , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi , Marcello Federico

English verbs have multiple forms. For instance, talk may also appear as talks, talked or talking, depending on the context. The NLP task of lemmatization seeks to map these diverse forms back to a canonical one, known as the lemma. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Chaitanya Malaviya , Shijie Wu , Ryan Cotterell

Modern contextual lemmatizers often rely on automatically induced Shortest Edit Scripts (SES), namely, the number of edit operations to transform a word form into its lemma. In fact, different methods of computing SES have been proposed as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Olia Toporkov , Rodrigo Agerri

Lemmatization is a Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique used to normalize text by changing morphological derivations of words to their root forms. It is used as a core pre-processing step in many NLP tasks including text indexing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Shafie Abdi Mohamed , Muhidin Abdullahi Mohamed

Arabic morphology encapsulates many valuable features such as word root. Arabic roots are being utilized for many tasks; the process of extracting a word root is referred to as stemming. Stemming is an essential part of most Natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-11-02 Mahmoud El-Defrawy , Yasser El-Sonbaty , Nahla A. Belal

Pre-trained language models such as BERT have been proved to be powerful in many natural language processing tasks. But in some text classification applications such as emotion recognition and sentiment analysis, BERT may not lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zixiao Zhu , Kezhi Mao

Lemmatization aims to reduce the sparse data problem by relating the inflected forms of a word to its dictionary form. Using context can help, both for unseen and ambiguous words. Yet most context-sensitive approaches require full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Toms Bergmanis , Sharon Goldwater

This study introduces and evaluates tiny, mini, small, and medium-sized uncased Turkish BERT models, aiming to bridge the research gap in less-resourced languages. We trained these models on a diverse dataset encompassing over 75GB of text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Himmet Toprak Kesgin , Muzaffer Kaan Yuce , Mehmet Fatih Amasyali

Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved impressive performance on machine translation task in recent years. However, in consideration of efficiency, a limited-size vocabulary that only contains the top-N highest frequency words are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Yirong Pan , Xiao Li , Yating Yang , Rui Dong

Text stemming is a natural language processing technique that is used to reduce words to their base form, also known as the root form. The use of stemming in IR has been shown to often improve the effectiveness of keyword-matching models…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Shuai Wang , Shengyao Zhuang , Guido Zuccon

Topic models are typically represented by top-$m$ word lists for human interpretation. The corpus is often pre-processed with lemmatization (or stemming) so that those representations are not undermined by a proliferation of words with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Chandler May , Ryan Cotterell , Benjamin Van Durme

Tokenization is a pivotal design choice for neural language modeling in morphologically rich languages (MRLs) such as Turkish, where productive agglutination challenges both vocabulary efficiency and morphological fidelity. Prior studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Duygu Altinok

Lemmatization holds significance in both natural language processing (NLP) and linguistics, as it effectively decreases data density and aids in comprehending contextual meaning. However, due to the highly inflected nature and morphological…

Tokenization shapes how language models perceive morphology and meaning in NLP, yet widely used frequency-driven subword tokenizers (e.g., Byte Pair Encoding and WordPiece) can fragment morphologically rich and agglutinative languages in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 M. Ali Bayram , Ali Arda Fincan , Ahmet Semih Gümüş , Sercan Karakaş , Banu Diri , Savaş Yıldırım , Demircan Çelik

Tokenization is an important text preprocessing step to prepare input tokens for deep language models. WordPiece and BPE are de facto methods employed by important models, such as BERT and GPT. However, the impact of tokenization can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Cagri Toraman , Eyup Halit Yilmaz , Furkan Şahinuç , Oguzhan Ozcelik

Lemmatization is one of the core concepts in natural language processing, thus creating a lemmatization tool is an important task. This paper discusses the construction of a lemmatization algorithm for the Uzbek language. The main purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Maksud Sharipov , Ogabek Sobirov

Morphological information is important for many sequence labeling tasks in Natural Language Processing (NLP). Yet, existing approaches rely heavily on manual annotations or external software to capture this information. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Arda Akdemir , Tetsuo Shibuya , Tunga Güngör
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