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This paper introduces an augmented reality (AR) captioning framework designed to support Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) learners in STEM classrooms by integrating non-verbal emotional cues into live transcriptions. Unlike conventional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sunday David Ubur

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students often experience communication barriers in higher education, which are particularly acute in experiential learning environments such as laboratories. Traditional accessibility services, such as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Roshan Mathew , Roshan L. Peiris

Real-time captioning is a useful technique for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people to talk to hearing people. With the improvement in device performance and the accuracy of automatic speech recognition (ASR), real-time captioning is…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Kenta Yamamoto , Ippei Suzuki , Akihisa Shitara , Yoichi Ochiai

Real-time captioning is vital for Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) and neurodivergent learners (e.g., those with ADHD), yet it often omits emotional and non-verbal cues essential for comprehension. This omission is particularly consequential…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Sunday David Ubur , Eugenia Ha Rim Rho , Denis Gracanin

This study investigates innovative interaction designs for communication and collaborative learning between learners of mixed hearing and signing abilities, leveraging advancements in mixed reality technologies like Apple Vision Pro and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Si Chen , Haocong Cheng , Suzy Su , Stephanie Patterson , Raja Kushalnagar , Qi Wang , Yun Huang

Real-time captioning is a critical accessibility tool for many d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people. While the vast majority of captioning work has focused on formal settings and technical innovations, in contrast, we investigate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Emma J. McDonnell , Ping Liu , Steven M. Goodman , Raja Kushalnagar , Jon E. Froehlich , Leah Findlater

Accessibility efforts for d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) learners in video-based learning have mainly focused on captions and interpreters, with limited attention to learners' emotional awareness--an important yet challenging skill for…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Si Chen , Jason Situ , Haocong Cheng , Suzy Su , Desiree Kirst , Lu Ming , Qi Wang , Lawrence Angrave , Yun Huang

Augmented reality (AR) has shown promise for supporting Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) individuals by captioning speech and visualizing environmental sounds, yet existing systems do not allow users to create personalized sound…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Jaewook Lee , Davin Win Kyi , Leejun Kim , Jenny Peng , Gagyeom Lim , Jeremy Zhengqi Huang , Dhruv Jain , Jon E. Froehlich

Communication access real-time translation (CART) is an essential accessibility service for d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals, but the cost and scarcity of trained personnel limit its availability. While Automatic Speech…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Korbinian Kuhn , Verena Kersken , Gottfried Zimmermann

Rich-text captions are essential to help communication for Deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people, second-language learners, and those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). They also preserve nuances when converting speech to text, enhancing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Naoto Nishida , Hirotaka Hiraki , Jun Rekimoto , Yoshio Ishiguro

Students who are deaf and hard of hearing cannot hear in class and do not have full access to spoken information. They can use accommodations such as captions that display speech as text. However, compared with their hearing peers, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Raja Kushalnagar , Gary Behm , Kevin Wolfe , Peter Yeung , Becca Dingman , Shareef Ali , Abraham Glasser , Claire Ryan

The accuracy of Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) technology has improved, but it is still imperfect in many settings. Researchers who evaluate ASR performance often focus on improving the Word Error Rate (WER) metric, but WER has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Sushant Kafle , Matt Huenerfauth

For d/Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) people, captioning is an essential accessibility tool. Significant developments in artificial intelligence (AI) mean that Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is now a part of many popular applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Korbinian Kuhn , Verena Kersken , Benedikt Reuter , Niklas Egger , Gottfried Zimmermann

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems often fail to accurately transcribe speech from Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) individuals, especially during real-time conversations. Existing personalization approaches typically require…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Liang-Yuan Wu , Dhruv Jain

Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) learners face unique challenges in video-based learning due to the complex interplay between visual and auditory information in videos. Traditional approaches to making video content accessible primarily focus…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Si Cheng , Haocong Cheng , Suzy Su , Lu Ming , Sarah Masud , Qi Wang , Yun Huang

Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) learners face unique challenges in learning environments, often due to a lack of tailored educational materials that address their specific needs. This study explores the potential of Large Language Models…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Si Cheng , Shuxu Huffman , Qingxiaoyang Zhu , Haotian Su , Raja Kushalnagar , Qi Wang

Many personal devices have transitioned from visual-controlled interfaces to speech-controlled interfaces to reduce costs and interactive friction, supported by the rapid growth in capabilities of speech-controlled interfaces, e.g., Amazon…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Abraham Glasser , Kesavan Kushalnagar , Raja Kushalnagar

Traditional sign language teaching methods face challenges such as limited feedback and diverse learning scenarios. Although 2D resources lack real-time feedback, classroom teaching is constrained by a scarcity of teacher. Methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Hongli Wen , Yang Xu , Lin Li , Xudong Ru , Xingce Wang , Zhongke Wu

Non-speech captions are essential to the video experience of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) viewers, yet conventional approaches often overlook the diversity of their preferences. We present CapTune, a system that enables customization of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Jeremy Zhengqi Huang , Caluã de Lacerda Pataca , Liang-Yuan Wu , Dhruv Jain

In today's digital age, video content is prevalent, serving as a primary source of information, education, and entertainment. However, the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (DHH) community often faces significant challenges in accessing video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Nadeen Fathallah , Monika Bhole , Steffen Staab
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