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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) generally enhances large language models' (LLMs) ability to solve knowledge-intensive tasks. But RAG may also lead to performance degradation due to imperfect retrieval and the model's limited ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuyang Cao , Karthik Radhakrishnan , David Rosenberg , Steven Lu , Pengxiang Cheng , Lu Wang , Shiyue Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has significantly mitigated the hallucinations of Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding the generation with external knowledge. Recent extensions of RAG to graph-based retrieval offer a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Jialin Chen , Houyu Zhang , Seongjun Yun , Alejandro Mottini , Rex Ying , Xiang Song , Vassilis N. Ioannidis , Zheng Li , Qingjun Cui

This paper focuses on the dynamic optimization of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) architecture. It proposes a state-aware dynamic knowledge retrieval mechanism to enhance semantic understanding and knowledge scheduling efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Jacky He , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Hanlu Zhang , Hongye Zheng , Xiaokai Wang

The performance gains of LLMs have historically been driven by scaling up model size and training data. However, the rapidly diminishing availability of high-quality training data is introducing a fundamental bottleneck, shifting the focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhichao Wang , Cheng Wan , Dong Nie

Small language models (SLMs) support efficient deployments on resource-constrained edge devices, but their limited capacity compromises inference performance. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising solution to enhance model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Shangyu Liu , Zhenzhe Zheng , Xiaoyao Huang , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen , Jie Wu

Large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable for global enterprise applications due to substantial performance gaps between high-resource and mid/low-resource languages, driven by English-centric pretraining and internal reasoning biases.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amit Agarwal , Hansa Meghwani , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Tao Sheng , Sujith Ravi , Dan Roth

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a key means to effectively enhance large language models (LLMs) in many knowledge-based tasks. However, existing RAG methods struggle with knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks, because useful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Zhuoqun Li , Xuanang Chen , Haiyang Yu , Hongyu Lin , Yaojie Lu , Qiaoyu Tang , Fei Huang , Xianpei Han , Le Sun , Yongbin Li

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for testing and evaluating quality characteristics of Large Language Model (LLM) systems enhanced with Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in tourism applications. Through systematic empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Bestoun S. Ahmed , Ludwig Otto Baader , Firas Bayram , Siri Jagstedt , Peter Magnusson

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their remarkable capabilities, are prone to generating hallucinated or outdated content due to their static internal knowledge. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) integrated with Reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhiwen Tan , Jiaming Huang , Qintong Wu , Hongxuan Zhang , Chenyi Zhuang , Jinjie Gu

Reinforcement learning (RL) is emerging as a powerful paradigm for enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform complex reasoning tasks. Recent advances indicate that integrating RL with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Wentao Jiang , Xiang Feng , Zengmao Wang , Yong Luo , Pingbo Xu , Zhe Chen , Bo Du , Jing Zhang

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Amine Tellache , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Amdjed Mokhtari , Horea Moldovan , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction holds a paramount position in recommender systems. The prevailing ID-based paradigm underperforms in cold-start scenarios due to the skewed distribution of feature frequency. Additionally, the utilization…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xingmei Wang , Weiwen Liu , Xiaolong Chen , Qi Liu , Xu Huang , Yichao Wang , Xiangyang Li , Yasheng Wang , Zhenhua Dong , Defu Lian , Ruiming Tang

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance but face high computational costs and latency, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained settings. In contrast, small-scale LLMs (SLMs) are more efficient yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tianci Liu , Haoxiang Jiang , Tianze Wang , Ran Xu , Yue Yu , Linjun Zhang , Tuo Zhao , Haoyu Wang

This paper focuses on extending the success of large language models (LLMs) to sequential decision making. Existing efforts either (i) re-train or finetune LLMs for decision making, or (ii) design prompts for pretrained LLMs. The former…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Dingyang Chen , Qi Zhang , Yinglun Zhu

Agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong planning and decision-making capabilities in complex embodied environments. However, such agents often suffer from inefficiencies in multi-turn interactions, frequently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Qingyu Lu , Liang Ding , Siyi Cao , Xuebo Liu , Kanjian Zhang , Jinxia Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Despite the superior performance of Large language models on many NLP tasks, they still face significant limitations in memorizing extensive world knowledge. Recent studies have demonstrated that leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Xiaqiang Tang , Jian Li , Nan Du , Sihong Xie

Dynamic retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) allows large language models (LLMs) to fetch external knowledge on demand, offering greater adaptability than static RAG. A central challenge in this setting lies in determining the optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Bo Li , Tian Tian , Zhenghua Xu , Hao Cheng , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are usually defined by the combination of a generator and a retrieval component that extracts textual context from a knowledge base to answer user queries. However, such basic implementations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Pietro Ferrazzi , Milica Cvjeticanin , Alessio Piraccini , Davide Giannuzzi

Large recommendation models (LRMs) are fundamental to the multi-billion dollar online advertising industry, processing massive datasets of hundreds of billions of examples before transitioning to continuous online training to adapt to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Kshitij Jain , Jingru Xie , Kevin Regan , Cheng Chen , Jie Han , Steve Li , Zhuoshu Li , Todd Phillips , Myles Sussman , Matt Troup , Angel Yu , Jia Zhuo

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems and large language model (LLM)-powered chatbots have significantly advanced conversational AI by combining generative capabilities with external knowledge retrieval. Despite their success,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Amit Agarwal , Hansa Meghwani , Hitesh Laxmichand Patel , Srikant Panda