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Across academia, industry, and government, there is an increasing awareness that the measurement tasks involved in evaluating generative AI (GenAI) systems are especially difficult. We argue that these measurement tasks are highly…

Foundation models that are capable of automating cognitive tasks represent a pivotal technological shift, yet their societal implications remain unclear. These systems promise exciting advances, yet they also risk flooding our information…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Judy Hanwen Shen , Carlos Guestrin

This paper argues that conventional blame practices fall short of capturing the complexity of moral experiences, neglecting power dynamics and discriminatory social practices. It is evident that robots, embodying roles linked to specific…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Samantha Stedtler , Marianna Leventi

Comprehensive and accurate evaluation of general-purpose AI systems such as large language models allows for effective mitigation of their risks and deepened understanding of their capabilities. Current evaluation methodology, mostly based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Xiting Wang , Liming Jiang , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , David Stillwell , Luning Sun , Fang Luo , Xing Xie

This article analyzes the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on contemporary society and the importance of adopting an ethical approach to its development and implementation within organizations. It examines the technocritical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Ernesto Giralt Hernández

The "gender" of intelligent agents, virtual characters, social robots, and other agentic machines has emerged as a fundamental topic in studies of people's interactions with computers. Perceptions of agent gender can help explain user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Katie Seaborn , Madeleine Steeds , Ilaria Torre , Martina De Cet , Katie Winkle , Marcus Göransson

Artificial Intelligence has the potential to exacerbate societal bias and set back decades of advances in equal rights and civil liberty. Data used to train machine learning algorithms may capture social injustices, inequality or…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Susan Leavy , Barry O'Sullivan , Eugenia Siapera

Researchers, government bodies, and organizations have been repeatedly calling for a shift in the responsible AI community from general principles to tangible and operationalizable practices in mitigating the potential sociotechnical harms…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ravit Dotan , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Ravi Madhavan , Jeanna Matthews , Joshua Scarpino

The confluence of Artificial Intelligence and Computational Psychology presents an opportunity to model, understand, and interact with complex human psychological states through computational means. This paper presents a comprehensive,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anant Pareek

Benchmarking has long served as a foundational practice in machine learning and, increasingly, in modern AI systems such as large language models, where shared tasks, metrics, and leaderboards offer a common basis for measuring progress and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Philip Waggoner

Although artificial intelligence (AI) is solving real-world challenges and transforming industries, there are serious concerns about its ability to behave and make decisions in a responsible way. Many AI ethics principles and guidelines for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Xiwei Xu , Jon Whittle , David Douglas , Conrad Sanderson

Foundation models are increasingly central to high-stakes AI systems, and governance frameworks now depend on evaluations to assess their risks and capabilities. Although general capability evaluations are widespread, social impact…

Validity, reliability, and fairness are core ethical principles embedded in classical argument-based assessment validation theory. These principles are also central to the Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) which…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jill Burstein , Geoffrey T. LaFlair

Recent advances in generative AI have enabled visual content creation through text-to-image (T2I) generation. However, despite their creative potential, T2I models often replicate and amplify societal stereotypes -- particularly those…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Saharsh Barve , Andy Mao , Jiayue Melissa Shi , Prerna Juneja , Koustuv Saha

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in research presents both opportunities and ethical challenges that should be carefully navigated. Although GenAI tools can enhance research efficiency through automation of…

Responsible design of AI systems is a shared goal across HCI and AI communities. Responsible AI (RAI) tools have been developed to support practitioners to identify, assess, and mitigate ethical issues during AI development. These tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Glen Berman , Nitesh Goyal , Michael Madaio

Research in AI evaluation has grown increasingly complex and multidisciplinary, attracting researchers with diverse backgrounds and objectives. As a result, divergent evaluation paradigms have emerged, often developing in isolation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 John Burden , Marko Tešić , Lorenzo Pacchiardi , José Hernández-Orallo

As machine learning methods are deployed in real-world settings such as healthcare, legal systems, and social science, it is crucial to recognize how they shape social biases and stereotypes in these sensitive decision-making processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Paul Pu Liang , Chiyu Wu , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Bias and stereotypes in language models can cause harm, especially in sensitive areas like content moderation and decision-making. This paper addresses bias and stereotype detection by exploring how jointly learning these tasks enhances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Aditya Tomar , Rudra Murthy , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Generative AI models ought to be useful and safe across cross-cultural contexts. One critical step toward this goal is understanding how AI models adhere to sociocultural norms. While this challenge has gained attention in NLP, existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Myra Cheng , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh , Hayk Stepanyan , Aishwarya Verma , Charu Kalia , Erin MacMurray van Liemt , Sunipa Dev