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We introduce WildTeaming, an automatic LLM safety red-teaming framework that mines in-the-wild user-chatbot interactions to discover 5.7K unique clusters of novel jailbreak tactics, and then composes multiple tactics for systematic…

While tool learning significantly enhances the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), it also introduces substantial security risks. Prior research has revealed various vulnerabilities in traditional LLMs during tool learning.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yifei Liu , Yu Cui , Haibin Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in solving complex problems by generating structured, step-by-step reasoning content. However, exposing a model's internal reasoning process introduces additional…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Zheng Lin , Zhenxing Niu , Haoxuan Ji , Yuzhe Huang , Haichang Gao

When building Large Language Models (LLMs), it is paramount to bear safety in mind and protect them with guardrails. Indeed, LLMs should never generate content promoting or normalizing harmful, illegal, or unethical behavior that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Simone Tedeschi , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with multimodal reasoning capabilities are high-value attack targets, given their potential for handling complex multimodal harmful tasks. Mainstream black-box jailbreak attacks on VLMs work by distributing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yu Yan , Sheng Sun , Shengjia Cheng , Teli Liu , Mingfeng Li , Min Liu

Efficient red-teaming method to uncover vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial. While recent attacks often use LLMs as optimizers, the discrete language space make gradient-based methods struggle. We introduce LARGO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ran Li , Hao Wang , Chengzhi Mao

The rapid growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) presents significant privacy, security, and ethical concerns. While much research has proposed methods for defending LLM systems against misuse by malicious actors, researchers have recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Alberto Purpura , Sahil Wadhwa , Jesse Zymet , Akshay Gupta , Andy Luo , Melissa Kazemi Rad , Swapnil Shinde , Mohammad Shahed Sorower

AI safety training and red-teaming of large language models (LLMs) are measures to mitigate the generation of unsafe content. Our work exposes the inherent cross-lingual vulnerability of these safety mechanisms, resulting from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zheng-Xin Yong , Cristina Menghini , Stephen H. Bach

Despite extensive pre-training in moral alignment to prevent generating harmful information, large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we propose AutoDefense, a multi-agent defense framework that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Yifan Zeng , Yiran Wu , Xiao Zhang , Huazheng Wang , Qingyun Wu

Cybersecurity threats are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making traditional defense mechanisms and manual red teaming approaches insufficient for modern organizations. While red teaming has long been recognized as an effective method…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Shruti Srivastava , Kiranmayee Janardhan , Shaurya Jauhari

This paper presents the vision, scientific contributions, and technical details of RedTWIZ: an adaptive and diverse multi-turn red teaming framework, to audit the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in AI-assisted software…

Large Language Models (LLMs), when enhanced through reasoning-oriented post-training, evolve into powerful Large Reasoning Models (LRMs). Tool-Integrated Reasoning (TIR) further extends their capabilities by incorporating external tools,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yifan Wei , Xiaoyan Yu , Yixuan Weng , Tengfei Pan , Angsheng Li , Li Du

Red-teaming has been a widely adopted way to evaluate the harmfulness of Large Language Models (LLMs). It aims to jailbreak a model's safety behavior to make it act as a helpful agent disregarding the harmfulness of the query. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Rishabh Bhardwaj , Soujanya Poria

As the use of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, ensuring their safety and robustness has become a critical challenge. In particular, jailbreak attacks that bypass built-in safety mechanisms are increasingly recognized as a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Hajun Kim , Hyunsik Na , Daeseon Choi

High-performance autonomy often must operate at the boundaries of safety. When external agents are present in a system, the process of ensuring safety without sacrificing performance becomes extremely difficult. In this paper, we present an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Stanley Bak , Johannes Betz , Abhinav Chawla , Hongrui Zheng , Rahul Mangharam

Balancing exploration and exploitation remains a key challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). State-of-the-art RL algorithms suffer from high sample complexity, particularly in the sparse reward case, where they can do no better than to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Philippe Morere , Gilad Francis , Tom Blau , Fabio Ramos

Large language models (LLMs) hold great potential for many natural language applications but risk generating incorrect or toxic content. To probe when an LLM generates unwanted content, the current paradigm is to recruit a \textit{red team}…

The prevalence and strong capability of large language models (LLMs) present significant safety and ethical risks if exploited by malicious users. To prevent the potentially deceptive usage of LLMs, recent works have proposed algorithms to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Zhouxing Shi , Yihan Wang , Fan Yin , Xiangning Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large Language Model (LLM) safeguards, which implement request refusals, have become a widely adopted mitigation strategy against misuse. At the intersection of adversarial machine learning and AI safety, safeguard red teaming has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zifan Wang , Christina Q. Knight , Jeremy Kritz , Willow E. Primack , Julian Michael

As large language models grow in capability and agency, identifying vulnerabilities through red-teaming becomes vital for safe deployment. However, traditional prompt-engineering approaches may prove ineffective once red-teaming turns into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Alexander Panfilov , Paul Kassianik , Maksym Andriushchenko , Jonas Geiping
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