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Facial action unit (AU) detection remains challenging because it involves heterogeneous, AU-specific uncertainties arising at both the representation and decision stages. Recent methods have improved discriminative feature learning, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuze Li , Zhilei Liu

Uncertainty estimation methods are expected to improve the understanding and quality of computer-assisted methods used in medical applications (e.g., neurosurgical interventions, radiotherapy planning), where automated medical image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Alain Jungo , Raphael Meier , Ekin Ermis , Marcela Blatti-Moreno , Evelyn Herrmann , Roland Wiest , Mauricio Reyes

Micro-Expression Recognition (MER) is a challenging task as the subtle changes occur over different action regions of a face. Changes in facial action regions are formed as Action Units (AUs), and AUs in micro-expressions can be seen as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ling Zhou , Qirong Mao , Ming Dong

Uncertainty of labels in clinical data resulting from intra-observer variability can have direct impact on the reliability of assessments made by deep neural networks. In this paper, we propose a method for modelling such uncertainty in the…

Facial Expression Recognition faces two core challenges. The first is class imbalance in public datasets, which skews the learning process and weakens generalization. The second is related to privacy and data collection constraints, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ali Azmoudeh , Erdi Sarıtaş , Ömer Yıldırım , Hazım Kemal Ekenel

Unsupervised person re-identification aims to retrieve images of a specified person without identity labels. Many recent unsupervised Re-ID approaches adopt clustering-based methods to measure cross-camera feature similarity to roughly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengna Li , Kangyi Wu , Wenli Huang , Sanping Zhou , Jinjun Wang

Facial expression recognition (FER) aims to analyze emotional states from static images and dynamic sequences, which is pivotal in enhancing anthropomorphic communication among humans, robots, and digital avatars by leveraging AI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Yan Wang , Shaoqi Yan , Yang Liu , Wei Song , Jing Liu , Yang Chang , Xinji Mai , Xiping Hu , Wenqiang Zhang , Zhongxue Gan

In medical imaging, inter-observer variability among radiologists often introduces label uncertainty, particularly in modalities where visual interpretation is subjective. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a prime example-it frequently presents a…

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a subset of computer vision with important applications for human-computer-interaction, healthcare, and customer service. FER represents a challenging problem-space because accurate classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ezra Engel , Lishan Li , Chris Hudy , Robert Schleusner

Although state-of-the-art classifiers for facial expression recognition (FER) can achieve a high level of accuracy, they lack interpretability, an important feature for end-users. Experts typically associate spatial action units (AUs) from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Soufiane Belharbi , Marco Pedersoli , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich , Simon Bacon , Eric Granger

In modern federated learning, one of the main challenges is to account for inherent heterogeneity and the diverse nature of data distributions for different clients. This problem is often addressed by introducing personalization of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Nikita Kotelevskii , Samuel Horváth , Karthik Nandakumar , Martin Takáč , Maxim Panov

Facial expression recognition (FER) is a crucial part of human-computer interaction. Existing FER methods achieve high accuracy and generalization based on different open-source deep models and training approaches. However, the performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Gianmarco Ipinze Tutuianu , Yang Liu , Ari Alamäki , Janne Kauttonen

Automatic facial expression recognition (FER) has gained much attention due to its applications in human-computer interaction. Among the approaches to improve FER tasks, this paper focuses on deep architecture with the attention mechanism.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Luan Pham , The Huynh Vu , Tuan Anh Tran

Micro-gestures are unconsciously performed body gestures that can convey the emotion states of humans and start to attract more research attention in the fields of human behavior understanding and affective computing as an emerging topic.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Zhaoqiang Xia , Hexiang Huang , Haoyu Chen , Xiaoyi Feng , Guoying Zhao

Dynamic facial expression recognition (DFER) is an important task in the field of computer vision. To apply automatic DFER in practice, it is necessary to accurately recognize ambiguous facial expressions, which often appear in data in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ryosuke Kawamura , Hideaki Hayashi , Noriko Takemura , Hajime Nagahara

Facial expression recognition (FER) has emerged as a promising approach to the development of emotion-aware intelligent agents and systems. However, key challenges remain in utilizing FER in real-world contexts, including ensuring user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Sanjeev Nahulanthran , Leimin Tian , Dana Kulić , Mor Vered

Due to the subjective crowdsourcing annotations and the inherent inter-class similarity of facial expressions, the real-world Facial Expression Recognition (FER) datasets usually exhibit ambiguous annotation. To simplify the learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Weijie Wang , Bo Li , Nicu Sebe , Bruno Lepri

Semi-supervised learning has made significant strides in the medical domain since it alleviates the heavy burden of collecting abundant pixel-wise annotated data for semantic segmentation tasks. Existing semi-supervised approaches enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Xu Zheng , Chong Fu , Haoyu Xie , Jialei Chen , Xingwei Wang , Chiu-Wing Sham

By utilizing label distribution learning, a probability distribution is assigned for a facial image to express a compound emotion, which effectively improves the problem of label uncertainties and noises occurred in one-hot labels. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-26 Shasha Mao , Guanghui Shi , Licheng Jiao , Shuiping Gou , Yangyang Li , Lin Xiong , Boxin Shi

Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) is a key task in affective computing, enabling applications in human-computer interaction, e-learning, healthcare, and safety systems. Despite advances in deep learning, FER remains challenging due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Ahsan Farabi , Israt Khandaker , Ibrahim Khalil Shanto , Md Abdul Ahad Minhaz , Tanisha Zaman
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