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Fine-tuning large vision models (LVMs) and large language models (LLMs) under differentially private federated learning (DPFL) is hindered by a fundamental privacy-utility trade-off. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jin Liu , Yinbin Miao , Ning Xi , Junkang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly served on shared accelerators where an adversary with read access to device memory can observe KV caches and hidden states, threatening prompt privacy for open-source models. Cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Anatoly Belikov , Ilya Fedotov

This paper introduces a user-friendly platform developed by the University of Kentucky Center for Applied AI, designed to make large, customized language models (LLMs) more accessible. By capitalizing on recent advancements in multi-LoRA…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across various industries due to their exceptional generative capabilities. However, for safe and effective real-world deployments, ensuring honesty and helpfulness is critical.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Chujie Gao , Siyuan Wu , Yue Huang , Dongping Chen , Qihui Zhang , Zhengyan Fu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun , Xiangliang Zhang

Cryptographic algorithms are fundamental to modern security, yet their implementations frequently harbor subtle logic flaws that are hard to detect. We introduce CryptoScope, a novel framework for automated cryptographic vulnerability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Zhihao Li , Zimo Ji , Tao Zheng , Hao Ren , Xiao Lan

As large language models (LLMs) expose systemic security challenges in high risk applications, including privacy leaks, bias amplification, and malicious abuse, there is an urgent need for a dynamic risk assessment and collaborative defence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Xiaoyan Zhang , Dongyang Lyu , Xiaoqi Li

When applying machine learning to sensitive data, one has to find a balance between accuracy, information security, and computational-complexity. Recent studies combined Homomorphic Encryption with neural networks to make inferences while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alon Brutzkus , Oren Elisha , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

The growing use of large language models in sensitive domains has exposed a critical weakness: the inability to ensure that private information can be permanently forgotten. Yet these systems still lack reliable mechanisms to guarantee that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 James Jin Kang , Dang Bui , Thanh Pham , Huo-Chong Ling

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as personal agents, accessing sensitive user data such as calendars, emails, and medical records. Users currently face a trade-off: They can send private records, many of which are stored…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yubeen Bae , Minchan Kim , Jaejin Lee , Sangbum Kim , Jaehyung Kim , Yejin Choi , Niloofar Mireshghallah

The emergence of the Large Language Model (LLM) has shown their superiority in a wide range of disciplines, including language understanding and translation, relational logic reasoning, and even partial differential equations solving. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Huiwen Wu , Deyi Zhang , Xiaohan Li , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

Language Models (LMs) typically adhere to a "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm, where a universal pre-trained model can be fine-tuned to cater to various specialized domains. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained the most widespread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Delong Ran , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang , Qi Li , Xiaoyun Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

The inference process of modern large language models (LLMs) demands prohibitive computational resources, rendering them infeasible for deployment on consumer-grade devices. To address this limitation, recent studies propose distributed LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xinjian Luo , Ting Yu , Xiaokui Xiao

Memorization in large language models (LLMs) makes them vulnerable to data extraction attacks. While pre-training memorization has been extensively studied, fewer works have explored its impact in fine-tuning, particularly for LoRA…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Fei Wang , Baochun Li

Large Language Models (LLMs), which bridge the gap between human language understanding and complex problem-solving, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several NLP tasks, particularly in few-shot and zero-shot settings. Despite the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Shuai Zhao , Meihuizi Jia , Zhongliang Guo , Leilei Gan , Xiaoyu Xu , Xiaobao Wu , Jie Fu , Yichao Feng , Fengjun Pan , Luu Anh Tuan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for natural language processing, enabling novel applications and user experiences. However, to achieve optimal performance, LLMs often require adaptation with private data, which poses privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Rui Wen , Tianhao Wang , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Ahmed Salem

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy by keeping raw data locally stored on client devices, preventing access from other clients or the central server. However, recent studies reveal that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar , J. Morris Chang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for specific tasks introduces privacy risks, as models may inadvertently memorise and leak sensitive training data. While Differential Privacy (DP) offers a solution to mitigate these risks, it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Olivia Ma , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Dmitrii Usynin

Federated Learning trains machine learning models on distributed devices by aggregating local model updates instead of local data. However, privacy concerns arise as the aggregated local models on the server may reveal sensitive personal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Weizhao Jin , Yuhang Yao , Shanshan Han , Jiajun Gu , Carlee Joe-Wong , Srivatsan Ravi , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Mobile Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing diverse fields such as healthcare, finance, and education with their ability to perform advanced natural language processing tasks on-the-go. However, the deployment of these models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Honghui Xu , Kaiyang Li , Wei Chen , Danyang Zheng , Zhiyuan Li , Zhipeng Cai
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