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There has been increased interest in devising learning techniques that combine unlabeled data with labeled data ? i.e. semi-supervised learning. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been performed across various techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-09-12 N. V. Chawla , Grigoris Karakoulas

This paper proposes a novel method of learning by predicting view assignments with support samples (PAWS). The method trains a model to minimize a consistency loss, which ensures that different views of the same unlabeled instance are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-03 Mahmoud Assran , Mathilde Caron , Ishan Misra , Piotr Bojanowski , Armand Joulin , Nicolas Ballas , Michael Rabbat

Active learning aims to alleviate the amount of labor involved in data labeling by automating the selection of unlabeled samples via an acquisition function. For example, variational adversarial active learning (VAAL) leverages an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Zongyao Lyu , William J. Beksi

Semi-supervised learning has attracted much attention in medical image segmentation due to challenges in acquiring pixel-wise image annotations, which is a crucial step for building high-performance deep learning methods. Most existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Shuailin Li , Chuyu Zhang , Xuming He

Semi-supervised learning an attractive technique in practical deployments of deep models since it relaxes the dependence on labeled data. It is especially important in the scope of dense prediction because pixel-level annotation requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-23 Ivan Grubišić , Marin Oršić , Siniša Šegvić

Most previous scene text spotting methods rely on high-quality manual annotations to achieve promising performance. To reduce their expensive costs, we study semi-supervised text spotting (SSTS) to exploit useful information from unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Dongliang Luo , Hanshen Zhu , Ziyang Zhang , Dingkang Liang , Xudong Xie , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai

Existing semi-supervised learning algorithms adopt pseudo-labeling and consistency regulation techniques to introduce supervision signals for unlabeled samples. To overcome the inherent limitation of threshold-based pseudo-labeling, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Zhiyu Wu , Jinshi Cui

Auto-annotation by ensemble of models is an efficient method of learning on unlabeled data. Wrong or inaccurate annotations generated by the ensemble may lead to performance degradation of the trained model. To deal with this problem we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Dror Simon , Miriam Farber , Roman Goldenberg

Self-training is an important technique for solving semi-supervised learning problems. It leverages unlabeled data by generating pseudo-labels and combining them with a limited labeled dataset for training. The effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Banghua Zhu , Mingyu Ding , Philip Jacobson , Ming Wu , Wei Zhan , Michael Jordan , Jiantao Jiao

Semi-supervised learning is a setting in which one has labeled and unlabeled data available. In this survey we explore different types of theoretical results when one uses unlabeled data in classification and regression tasks. Most methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Alexander Mey , Marco Loog

Automatic medical image segmentation is a fundamental step in computer-aided diagnosis, yet fully supervised approaches demand extensive pixel-level annotations that are costly and time-consuming. To alleviate this burden, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Lei Shi , Gang Li , Junxing Zhang

The high cost of pixel-level annotations makes it appealing to train saliency detection models with weak supervision. However, a single weak supervision source usually does not contain enough information to train a well-performing model. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Yu Zeng , Yunzhi Zhuge , Huchuan Lu , Lihe Zhang , Mingyang Qian , Yizhou Yu

Semi-supervised learning has attracted much attention due to its less dependence on acquiring abundant annotations from experts compared to fully supervised methods, which is especially important for medical image segmentation which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yichi Zhang , Jin Yang , Yuchen Liu , Yuan Cheng , Yuan Qi

Pseudo-labelling is a popular technique in unsuper-vised domain adaptation for semantic segmentation. However, pseudo labels are noisy and inevitably have confirmation bias due to the discrepancy between source and target domains and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Wanyu Xu , Zengmao Wang , Wei Bian

The success of deep learning has been due, in no small part, to the availability of large annotated datasets. Thus, a major bottleneck in current learning pipelines is the time-consuming human annotation of data. In scenarios where such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Alona Golts , Daniel Freedman , Michael Elad

Unlike fully supervised semantic segmentation, weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) relies on weaker forms of supervision to perform dense prediction tasks. Among the various types of weak supervision, WSSS with image level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Zheyuan Zhang , Wang Zhang

Supervised deep learning for semantic segmentation has achieved excellent results in accurately identifying anatomical and pathological structures in medical images. However, it often requires large annotated training datasets, which limits…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Luca Ciampi , Gabriele Lagani , Giuseppe Amato , Fabrizio Falchi

Accurate detection of offensive content on social media demands high-quality labeled data; however, such data is often scarce due to the low prevalence of offensive instances and the high cost of manual annotation. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Han Wang , Deyi Ji , Junyu Lu , Lanyun Zhu , Hailong Zhang , Haiyang Wu , Liqun Liu , Peng Shu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) addresses the lack of labeled data by exploiting large unlabeled data through pseudolabeling. However, in the extremely low-label regime, pseudo labels could be incorrect, a.k.a. the confirmation bias, and the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Xun Xu , Jingyi Liao , Lile Cai , Manh Cuong Nguyen , Kangkang Lu , Wanyue Zhang , Yasin Yazici , Chuan Sheng Foo

Scribble-supervised semantic segmentation has gained much attention recently for its promising performance without high-quality annotations. Due to the lack of supervision, confident and consistent predictions are usually hard to obtain.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-22 Zhiyi Pan , Peng Jiang , Yunhai Wang , Changhe Tu , Anthony G. Cohn