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Tree search has become as a representative framework for test-time reasoning with large language models (LLMs), exemplified by methods such as Tree-of-Thought and Monte Carlo Tree Search. However, it remains difficult to provide instant and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Jiaxi Li , Yucheng Shi , Xiao Huang , Jin Lu , Ninghao Liu

Inference-time scaling strategies, particularly Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, current approaches remain predominantly stateless, discarding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Hao Lu , Haoyuan Huang , Yulin Zhou , Chen Li , Ningxin Zhu

Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) is one of the most capable online search algorithms for sequential planning tasks, with significant applications in areas such as resource allocation and transit planning. Despite its strong performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Ziyan An , Hendrik Baier , Abhishek Dubey , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Meiyi Ma

Large Language Models excel at code generation yet struggle with complex programming tasks that demand sophisticated reasoning. To bridge this gap, traditional process supervision relies on learned reward models requiring costly training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Zhuohao Yu , Weizheng Gu , Yidong Wang , Xingru Jiang , Zhengran Zeng , Jindong Wang , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yingqian Cui , Zhenwei Dai , Pengfei He , Bing He , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Jingying Zeng , Suhang Wang , Yue Xing , Jiliang Tang , Benoit Dumoulin

Large language models (LLMs) often make reasoning errors when solving mathematical problems, and how to automatically detect and correct these errors has become an important research direction. However, existing approaches \textit{mainly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Biaojie Zeng , Min Zhang , Juan Zhou , Fengrui Liu , Ruiyang Huang , Xin Lin

We propose a novel framework for comprehending the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through the perspective of meta-learning. By conceptualizing reasoning trajectories as pseudo-gradient descent updates to the LLM's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Junnan Liu , Hongwei Liu , Linchen Xiao , Shudong Liu , Taolin Zhang , Zihan Ma , Songyang Zhang , Kai Chen

Process Reward Models (PRMs) emerge as a promising approach for process supervision in mathematical reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs), which aim to identify and mitigate intermediate errors in the reasoning processes. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Zhenru Zhang , Chujie Zheng , Yangzhen Wu , Beichen Zhang , Runji Lin , Bowen Yu , Dayiheng Liu , Jingren Zhou , Junyang Lin

We propose SC-MCTS*: a novel Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) reasoning algorithm for Large Language Models (LLMs), significantly improves both reasoning accuracy and speed. Our motivation comes from: 1. Previous MCTS LLM reasoning works…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Zitian Gao , Boye Niu , Xuzheng He , Haotian Xu , Hongzhang Liu , Aiwei Liu , Xuming Hu , Lijie Wen

Tree-search-based reasoning methods have significantly enhanced the reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs) by facilitating the exploration of multiple intermediate reasoning steps, i.e., thoughts. However, these methods suffer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhihai Wang , Jie Wang , Jilai Pan , Xilin Xia , Huiling Zhen , Mingxuan Yuan , Jianye Hao , Feng Wu

Enhancing large language models by simply scaling up datasets has begun to yield diminishing returns, shifting the spotlight to data quality. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has emerged as a powerful technique for generating high-quality…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yanwei Ren , Haotian Zhang , Fuxiang Wu , Jiayan Qiu , Jiaxing Huang , Baosheng Yu , Liu Liu

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh

With the rapid development of large models in the field of artificial intelligence, how to enhance their application capabilities in handling complex problems in the field of scientific research remains a challenging problem to be solved.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zhihua Duan , Jialin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited extraordinary performance in a variety of tasks while it remains challenging for them to solve complex multi-step tasks as agents. In practice, agents sensitive to the outcome of certain key steps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Zilong Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Sreyashi Nag , Samarth Varshney , Xianfeng Tang , Haoming Jiang , Jingbo Shang , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown exceptional performance in multimodal tasks, but their effectiveness in complex visual reasoning is still constrained, especially when employing Chain-of-Thought prompting techniques. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Congzhi Zhang , Jiawei Peng , Zhenglin Wang , Yilong Lai , Haowen Sun , Heng Chang , Fei Ma , Weijiang Yu

Handcrafting heuristics for solving complex optimization tasks (e.g., route planning and task allocation) is a common practice but requires extensive domain knowledge. Recently, Large Language Model (LLM)-based automatic heuristic design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Zhi Zheng , Zhuoliang Xie , Zhenkun Wang , Bryan Hooi

Recently, test-time scaling has garnered significant attention from the research community, largely due to the substantial advancements of the o1 model released by OpenAI. By allocating more computational resources during the inference…

Although RLVR has become an essential component for developing advanced reasoning skills in language models, contemporary studies have documented training plateaus after thousands of optimization steps, i.e., notable decreases in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Heli Qi , Ximing Lu , Aaron Tu , Li Erran Li , Yejin Choi

Large Language Models (LLM) are increasingly being explored for problem-solving tasks. However, their strategic planning capability is often viewed with skepticism. Recent studies have incorporated the Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bingzheng Gan , Yufan Zhao , Tianyi Zhang , Jing Huang , Yusu Li , Shu Xian Teo , Changwang Zhang , Wei Shi

Recent advancements in Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have significantly improved performance in Visual Question Answering (VQA) tasks through multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG). However, existing methods still face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Qi Yang , Chenghao Zhang , Lubin Fan , Kun Ding , Jieping Ye , Shiming Xiang