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Test-time adaptation (TTA) seeks to tackle potential distribution shifts between training and testing data by adapting a given model w.r.t. any testing sample. This task is particularly important for deep models when the test environment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Shuaicheng Niu , Jiaxiang Wu , Yifan Zhang , Yaofo Chen , Shijian Zheng , Peilin Zhao , Mingkui Tan

Deploying models on target domain data subject to distribution shift requires adaptation. Test-time training (TTT) emerges as a solution to this adaptation under a realistic scenario where access to full source domain data is not available,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yongyi Su , Xun Xu , Tianrui Li , Kui Jia

Test-time adaptation (TTA) adapts the pre-trained models to test distributions during the inference phase exclusively employing unlabeled test data streams, which holds great value for the deployment of models in real-world applications.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Shuang Li , Longhui Yuan , Binhui Xie , Tao Yang

Pre-trained vision-language models such as contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) have demonstrated a remarkable generalizability, which has enabled a wide range of applications represented by zero-shot classification. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kazuki Adachi , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoki Hamagami

Learning time-series representations when only unlabeled data or few labeled samples are available can be a challenging task. Recently, contrastive self-supervised learning has shown great improvement in extracting useful representations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Emadeldeen Eldele , Mohamed Ragab , Zhenghua Chen , Min Wu , Chee-Keong Kwoh , Xiaoli Li , Cuntai Guan

Continual Test Time Adaptation (CTTA) is a task that requires a source pre-trained model to continually adapt to new scenarios with changing target distributions. Existing CTTA methods primarily focus on mitigating the challenges of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Jinlong Li , Dong Zhao , Qi Zang , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma , Nicu Sebe

Although open-vocabulary classification models like Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP) have demonstrated strong zero-shot learning capabilities, their robustness to common image corruptions remains poorly understood. Through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Yunhui Guo

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) aims to harness labeled source data to train models for unlabeled target data. Despite extensive research in domains like computer vision and natural language processing, UDA remains underexplored for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Ganesh Del Grosso , Tanguy Kerdoncuff , Aurelie Boisbunon , Illyyne Saffar

Vision-language models (VLMs) like CLIP exhibit strong zero-shot capabilities but often fail to generalize under distribution shifts. Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows models to update at inference time without labeled data, typically via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Marc Lafon , Gustavo Adolfo Vargas Hakim , Clément Rambour , Christian Desrosier , Nicolas Thome

Test-time augmentation -- the aggregation of predictions across transformed examples of test inputs -- is an established technique to improve the performance of image classification models. Importantly, TTA can be used to improve model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Helen Lu , Divya Shanmugam , Harini Suresh , John Guttag

One main challenge in time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is the lack of labelled data in many real-life scenarios. Most of the existing anomaly detection methods focus on learning the normal behaviour of unlabelled time series in an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Zahra Zamanzadeh Darban , Geoffrey I. Webb , Shirui Pan , Charu C. Aggarwal , Mahsa Salehi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) refers to adjusting the model during the testing phase to cope with changes in sample distribution and enhance the model's adaptability to new environments. In real-world scenarios, models often encounter samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ziqiong Liu , Yushun Tang , Junyang Ji , Zhihai He

In this study, we introduce an intelligent Test Time Augmentation (TTA) algorithm designed to enhance the robustness and accuracy of image classification models against viewpoint variations. Unlike traditional TTA methods that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Efe Ozturk , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to boost the generalization capability of a trained model by conducting self-/unsupervised learning during the testing phase. While most existing TTA methods for video primarily utilize visual supervisory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Runhao Zeng , Qi Deng , Ronghao Zhang , Shuaicheng Niu , Jian Chen , Xiping Hu , Victor C. M. Leung

Text-based person search faces inherent limitations due to data scarcity, driven by stringent privacy constraints and the high cost of manual annotation. To mitigate this, existing methods usually rely on a Pretrain-then-Finetune paradigm,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiahao Zhang , Shaofei Huang , Yaxiong Wang , Zhedong Zheng

Multivariate time-series anomaly detection (MTSAD) aims to identify deviations from normality in multivariate time-series and is critical in real-world applications. However, in real-world deployments, distribution shifts are ubiquitous and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 HyunGi Kim , Jisoo Mok , Hyungyu Lee , Juhyeon Shin , Sungroh Yoon

Unsupervised learning of time series data, also known as temporal clustering, is a challenging problem in machine learning. Here we propose a novel algorithm, Deep Temporal Clustering (DTC), to naturally integrate dimensionality reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-06 Naveen Sai Madiraju , Seid M. Sadat , Dimitry Fisher , Homa Karimabadi

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to adapt a pre-trained model to the target domain in a batch-by-batch manner during inference. While label distributions often exhibit imbalances in real-world scenarios, most previous TTA approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Sunghyun Park , Seunghan Yang , Jaegul Choo , Sungrack Yun

Active Test-Time Adaptation (ATTA) improves model robustness under domain shift by selectively querying human annotations at deployment, but existing methods use heuristic uncertainty measures and suffer from low data selection efficiency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Tingyu Shi , Fan Lyu , Shaoliang Peng

Unsupervised domain adaptation methods seek to generalize effectively on unlabeled test data, especially when encountering the common challenge in time series data that distribution shifts occur between training and testing datasets. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Weide Liu , Xiaoyang Zhong , Lu Wang , Jingwen Hou , Yuemei Luo , Jiebin Yan , Yuming Fang