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The objective of Classic Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is to produce a bounding box corresponding to the object mentioned in a given textual description. Commonly, existing datasets and techniques in classic REC are tailored for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shuting He , Henghui Ding , Chang Liu , Xudong Jiang

Dialogue-Based Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension (GREC) requires models to ground the expression and unlimited targets in complex visual scenes while resolving coreference across a long dialogue context. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Juexi Shao , Siyou Li , Yujian Gan , Chris Madge , Vanja Karan , Massimo Poesio

Referring Expression Segmentation (RES) and Comprehension (REC) respectively segment and detect the object described by an expression, while Referring Expression Generation (REG) generates an expression for the selected object. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Henghui Ding , Chang Liu , Shuting He , Xudong Jiang , Yu-Gang Jiang

Generalized visual grounding tasks, including Generalized Referring Expression Comprehension (GREC) and Segmentation (GRES), extend the classical visual grounding paradigm by accommodating multi-target and non-target scenarios.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Ming Dai , Wenxuan Cheng , Jiang-Jiang Liu , Lingfeng Yang , Zhenhua Feng , Wankou Yang , Jingdong Wang

Weakly supervised Referring Expression Grounding (REG) aims to ground a particular target in an image described by a language expression while lacking the correspondence between target and expression. Two main problems exist in weakly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xuejing Liu , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Zechao Li , Qi Tian , Qingming Huang

Existing Weakly-Supervised Referring Expression Comprehension (WREC) methods, while effective, are fundamentally limited by a one-to-one mapping assumption, hindering their ability to handle expressions corresponding to zero or multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xianglong Shi , Silin Cheng , Sirui Zhao , Yunhan Jiang , Enhong Chen , Yang Liu , Sebastien Ourselin

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is one of the most important tasks in visual reasoning that requires a model to detect the target object referred by a natural language expression. Among the proposed pipelines, the one-stage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Zhipeng Zhang , Zhimin Wei , Zhongzhen Huang , Rui Niu , Peng Wang

AI-driven geometric problem solving is a complex vision-language task that requires accurate diagram interpretation, mathematical reasoning, and robust cross-modal grounding. A foundational yet underexplored capability for this task is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Bing Liu , Wenqiang Yv , Xuzheng Yang , Shichang Wang , Junzhuo Liu , Peng Wang , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Visual grounding, which aims to ground a visual region via natural language, is a task that heavily relies on cross-modal alignment. Existing works utilized uni-modal pre-trained models to transfer visual or linguistic knowledge separately…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Linhui Xiao , Xiaoshan Yang , Fang Peng , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

Referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to localize a target object in an image described by a referring expression phrased in natural language. Different from the object detection task that queried object labels have been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Yanyuan Qiao , Chaorui Deng , Qi Wu

One common belief is that with complex models and pre-training on large-scale datasets, transformer-based methods for referring expression comprehension (REC) perform much better than existing graph-based methods. We observe that since most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jingcheng Ke , Dele Wang , Jun-Cheng Chen , I-Hong Jhuo , Chia-Wen Lin , Yen-Yu Lin

Different from universal object detection, referring expression comprehension (REC) aims to locate specific objects referred to by natural language expressions. The expression provides high-level concepts of relevant visual and contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Wei Su , Peihan Miao , Huanzhang Dou , Yongjian Fu , Xi Li

As an important and challenging problem in vision-language tasks, referring expression comprehension (REC) generally requires a large amount of multi-grained information of visual and linguistic modalities to realize accurate reasoning. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Peihan Miao , Wei Su , Gaoang Wang , Xuewei Li , Xi Li

Grounding referring expressions in images aims to locate the object instance in an image described by a referring expression. It involves a joint understanding of natural language and image content, and is essential for a range of visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Sibei Yang , Guanbin Li , Yizhou Yu

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a foundational cross-modal task that evaluates the interplay of language understanding, image comprehension, and language-to-image grounding. It serves as an essential testing ground for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xuzheng Yang , Junzhuo Liu , Peng Wang , Guoqing Wang , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is an emerging research spot in computer vision, which refers to detecting the target region in an image given an text description. Most existing REC methods follow a multi-stage pipeline, which are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Yiyi Zhou , Rongrong Ji , Gen Luo , Xiaoshuai Sun , Jinsong Su , Xinghao Ding , Chia-wen Lin , Qi Tian

Referring Expression Comprehension (REC) is a popular multimodal task that aims to accurately detect target objects within a single image based on a given textual expression. However, due to the limitations of earlier models, traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Guanghao Jin , Jingpei Wu , Tianpei Guo , Yiyi Niu , Weidong Zhou , Guoyang Liu

Long-context language modeling is commonly framed as a scalability challenge of token-level attention, yet local-to-global information structuring remains largely implicit in existing approaches. Drawing on cognitive theories of discourse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyu Zeng , Qi Xu , Yunke Wang , Chang Xu

Weakly supervised referring expression grounding aims at localizing the referential object in an image according to the linguistic query, where the mapping between the referential object and query is unknown in the training stage. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Xuejing Liu , Liang Li , Shuhui Wang , Zheng-Jun Zha , Dechao Meng , Qingming Huang

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) poses new challenges over logical reasoning, which aims to understand the implicit logical relations entailed in the given contexts and perform inference over them. Due to the complexity of logic, logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jialin Chen , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao
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