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Today's practical partially synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols trade off low latency and high throughput. On the one end, traditional BFT protocols such as PBFT and its derivatives optimize for latency. They…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Balaji Arun , Zekun Li , Florian Suri-Payer , Sourav Das , Alexander Spiegelman

We present Mahi-Mahi, the first asynchronous BFT consensus protocol that achieves sub-second latency in the WAN while processing over 100,000 transactions per second. We accomplish this remarkable performance by building Mahi-Mahi on an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Philipp Jovanovic , Lefteris Kokoris Kogias , Bryan Kumara , Alberto Sonnino , Pasindu Tennage , Igor Zablotchi

This paper consolidates the core technologies and key concepts of our novel Lachesis consensus protocol and Fantom Opera platform, which is permissionless, leaderless and EVM compatible. We introduce our new protocol, so-called Lachesis,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje , Michael Kong , Egor Lysenko , Alex Guzev

We introduce Mysticeti-C, the first DAG-based Byzantine consensus protocol to achieve the lower bounds of latency of 3 message rounds. Since Mysticeti-C is built over DAGs it also achieves high resource efficiency and censorship resistance.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Kushal Babel , Andrey Chursin , George Danezis , Anastasios Kichidis , Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias , Arun Koshy , Alberto Sonnino , Mingwei Tian

Distributed ledgers are increasingly relied upon by industry to provide trustworthy accountability, strong integrity protection, and high availability for critical data without centralizing trust. Recently, distributed append-only logs are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Shubham Mishra , João Gonçalves , Chawinphat Tankuranand , Neil Giridharan , Natacha Crooks , Heidi Howard , Chris Jensen

The growing interest in reliable multi-party applications has fostered widespread adoption of Byzantine Fault-Tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. Existing BFT protocols need f more replicas than Paxos-style protocols to prevent equivocation…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Suyash Gupta , Sajjad Rahnama , Shubham Pandey , Natacha Crooks , Mohammad Sadoghi

The connected and autonomous systems (CAS) and auto-driving era is coming into our life. To support CAS applications such as AI-driven decision-making and blockchain-based smart data management platform, data and message…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Huanyu Wu , Chentao Yue , Lei Zhang , Yonghui Li , Muhammad Ali Imran

Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus exhibits higher throughput in comparison to Proof of Work (PoW) in blockchains. But BFT-based protocols suffer from scalability problems with respect to the number of replicas in the network. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Costas Busch , Golden Richard

This paper introduces a new consensus protocol, so-called \emph{\stair}, for fast consensus in DAG-based trustless system. In \stair, we propose a new approach to creating local block DAG, namely \emph{x-DAG} (cross-DAG), on each node.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje , Michael Kong , Alex Kampa , George Samman

This paper presents a partially synchronous BFT consensus protocol powered by BBCA, a lightly modified Byzantine Consistent Broadcast (BCB) primitive. BBCA provides a Complete-Adopt semantic through an added probing interface to allow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Dahlia Malkhi , Chrysoula Stathakopoulou , Maofan Yin

We present Bullshark, the first directed acyclic graph (DAG) based asynchronous Byzantine Atomic Broadcast protocol that is optimized for the common synchronous case. Like previous DAG-based BFT protocols, Bullshark requires no extra…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Alexander Spiegelman , Neil Giridharan , Alberto Sonnino , Lefteris Kokoris-Kogias

With the rapid development of blockchain, Byzantine fault-tolerant protocols have attracted revived interest recently. To overcome the theoretical bounds of Byzantine fault tolerance, many protocols attempt to use Trusted Execution…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Jiashuo Zhang , Jianbo Gao , Ke Wang , Zhenhao Wu , Ying Lan , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

To maximize performance, many modern blockchain systems rely on eventually-synchronous, Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) consensus protocols. Two protocol designs have emerged in this space: protocols that minimize latency using a leader that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Qianyu Yu , Giuliano Losa , Nibesh Shrestha , Xuechao Wang

Trustless systems, such as those blockchain enpowered, provide trust in the system regardless of the trust of its participants, who may be honest or malicious. Proof-of-stake (PoS) protocols and DAG-based approaches have emerged as a better…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Quan Nguyen , Andre Cronje , Michael Kong , Alex Kampa , George Samman

Low latency is one of the desired properties for partially synchronous Byzantine consensus protocols. Previous protocols have achieved consensus with just two communication steps either by reducing the bound on the number of faults the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Mohammad M. Jalalzai , Chen Feng , Victoria Lemieux

DAG-Rider popularized a new paradigm of DAG-BFT protocols, separating dissemination from consensus: all nodes disseminate transactions as blocks that reference previously known blocks, while consensus is reached by electing certain blocks…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Michael Yiqing Hu , Alvin Hong Yao Yan , Yang Yihan , Liu Xiang , Li Jialin

DAG-based protocols have been proposed as potential solutions to the latency and throughput limitations of traditional permissionless consensus protocols. However, their adoption has been hindered by security concerns and a lack of a solid…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Ignacio Amores-Sesar , Christian Cachin

With the continuous expansion of blockchain application scenarios, consortium chains have raised higher performance and security requirements for consensus mechanisms. Unlike public blockchains, consortium chains typically implement an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Wen Gao , Xinhong Hei , Yichuan Wang

Significant amounts of data are currently being stored and managed on third-party servers. It is impractical for many small scale enterprises to own their private datacenters, hence renting third-party servers is a viable solution for such…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-01-22 Sujaya Maiyya , Danny Hyun Bum Cho , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

Users of blockchains value scalability, expecting fast confirmations and immediate transaction processing. Odontoceti, the latest in DAG-based consensus, addresses these concerns by prioritizing low latency and high throughput, making a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Preston Vander Vos
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