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Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-24 Markus Rademacher , Michael Konopik , Maxime Debiossac , David Grass , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

The fluctuation theorem for entropy production is a remarkable symmetry of the distribution of produced entropy that holds universally in non-equilibrium steady states with Markovian dynamics. However, in systems with slow degrees of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-02-21 Matthias Uhl , Patrick Pietzonka , Udo Seifert

The absence of a simple fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a major obstacle for studying systems that are not in thermodynamic equilibrium. We show that for a fluid in a non-equilibrium steady state characterized by a constant temperature…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-07-03 T. R. Kirkpatrick , D. Belitz

We address the question of how interacting active systems in a non-equilibrium steady-state respond to an external perturbation. We establish an extended fluctuation-dissipation theorem for Active Brownian Particles (ABP) which highlights…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-14 Sara Dal Cengio , Demian Levis , Ignacio Pagonabarraga

The influence of dissipation on the fluctuation statistics of the total energy is investigated through both a phenomenological and a stochastic model for dissipative energy-transfer through a cascade of states. In equilibrium the states…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-06-27 Eric Bertin , Peter C. W. Holdsworth

In small systems where relevant energies are comparable to thermal agitation, fluctuations are of the order of average values. In systems in thermodynamical equilibrium, the variance of these fluctuations can be related to the dissipation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Nicolas Garnier , Ciliberto Sergio

We prove a general inequality between the charge current and its fluctuations valid for any non-interacting coherent electronic conductor and for any stationary out-of-equilibrium condition, thereby going beyond established…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-07-15 Ludovico Tesser , Janine Splettstoesser

A positive rate of entropy production at steady state is a distinctive feature of truly non-equilibrium processes. Exact results, while being often limited to simple models, offer a unique opportunity to explore the thermodynamic features…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-06-29 Henry Alston , Luca Cocconi , Thibault Bertrand

The Continuous Time Random Walk (CTRW) formalism is used to model the non-Poisson relaxation of a system response to perturbation. Two mechanisms to perturb the system are analyzed: a first in which the perturbation, seen as a potential…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2009-11-13 Gerardo Aquino , Paolo Grgolini , Bruce J. West

The hair bundle of sensory cells in the vertebrate ear provides an example of a noisy oscillator close to a Hopf bifurcation. The analysis of the data from both spontaneous and forced oscillations shows a strong violation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-09-24 L. Dinis , P. Martin , J. Barral , J. Prost , J. F. Joanny

Ordinary differential equations obtained as limits of Markov processes appear in many settings. They may arise by scaling large systems, or by averaging rapidly fluctuating systems, or in systems involving multiple time-scales, by a…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-03-24 Hye-Won Kang , Thomas G. Kurtz , Lea Popovic

For diffusive systems that can be described by fluctuating hydrodynamics and by the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory of Bertini et al., the total current fluctuations display universal features when the system is closed and in equilibrium.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-11-29 Vivien Lecomte , Alberto Imparato , Frédéric Van Wijland

Fluctuation dynamics of an experimentally measured observable offer a primary signal for nonequilibrium systems, along with dynamics of the mean. While universal speed limits for the mean have actively been studied recently, constraints for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-11-08 Ryusuke Hamazaki

The inference of causal relationships among observed variables is a pivotal, longstanding problem in the scientific community. An intuitive method for quantifying these causal links involves examining the response of one variable to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-27 Gabriele Di Antonio , Gianni Valerio Vinci

We establish a novel generalization of the fluctuation theorem for partially-masked nonequilibrium dynamics. We introduce a partial entropy production with a subset of all possible transitions, and show that the partial entropy production…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-01-20 Naoto Shiraishi , Takahiro Sagawa

Fluctuation theorems provide universal constraints on nonequilibrium energy and entropy fluctuations, making them a natural framework to assess how and to what extent quantum resources become thermodynamically relevant. We develop a unified…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Sukrut Mondkar , Sayan Mondal , Ujjwal Sen

We derive a general set of fluctuation relations for a nonequilibrium open quantum system described by a Lindblad master equation. In the special case of conservative Hamiltonian dynamics, these identities allow us to retrieve quantum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2010-02-05 Raphael Chetrite , Kirone Mallick

A fundamental challenge in soft matter physics is to describe materials, such as the living cytoplasm and tissues, that are simultaneously active, chemically driven, and exhibit long-lasting memory of mechanical stresses. Here, we construct…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-10 Ryota Takaki , Frank Jülicher

A semiclassical linear response theory based on the Vlasov equation is reviewed. The approach discussed here differs from the classical one of Vlasov and Landau for the fact that the finite size of the system is explicitly taken into…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. I. Abrosimov , A. Dellafiore , F. Matera

How is it that entropy derivatives almost in their own are characterizing the state of a system close to equilibrium, and what happens further away from it? We explain within the framework of Markov jump processes why fluctuation theory can…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-24 Christian Maes , Karel Netočný , Bram Wynants