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Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) emerged as a promising solution for generating truly random numbers. In the present article, we give an overview of QRNGs highlighting the merits and demerits of various strategies briefly. Then…

Randomness is an invaluable resource in today's life with a broad use reaching from numerical simulations through randomized algorithms to cryptography. However, on the classical level no true randomness is available and even the use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-24 Mataj Pivoluska , Martin Plesch

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are able to generate numbers that are certifiably random, even to an agent who holds some side-information. Such systems typically require that the elements being used are precisely calibrated and…

Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) harness quantum mechanical unpredictability to produce true randomness, which is crucial for cryptography and secure communications. Among various QRNGs, source-independent QRNGs (SI-QRNGs) relax the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-25 Hongyi Zhou

Self-testing--the attractive possibility to infer the underlying physics of a quantum device in a black-box scenario--has gained increased traction in recent years, with applications to device-independent quantum information processing.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-12 Moisés Bermejo Morán , Ravishankar Ramanathan

Randomness is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which is an invaluable resource for both classical and quantum technologies. Practical quantum random number generators (QRNG) usually need to trust their devices, but their security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-15 Marco Avesani , Hamid Tebyanian , Paolo Villoresi , Giuseppe Vallone

A device-independent randomness expansion protocol aims to take an initial random seed and generate a longer one without relying on details of how the devices operate for security. A large amount of work to date has focussed on a particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Peter J. Brown , Sammy Ragy , Roger Colbeck

We present a semi-device-independent quantum random number generator (QRNG) based on the violation of a contextuality inequality, implemented by the integration of two silicon photonic chips. Our system combines a heralded single-photon…

We propose a communication game in the sequential measurement scenario, involving a sender and two receivers with restricted communication among the latter parties. In the framework of the prepare-transform-measure scenario, we find a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Pritam Roy , Subhankar Bera , A. S. Majumdar , Shiladitya Mal

Non-local games test for non-locality and entanglement in quantum systems and are used in self-tests for certifying quantum states in untrusted devices. However, these protocols are tailored to ideal states, so realistic noise prevents…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Romi Lifshitz

Self-testing is a promising approach to certifying quantum states or measurements. Originally, it relied solely on the outcome statistics of the measurements involved in a device-independent (DI) setup. Extra physical assumptions about the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-14 Gábor Drótos , Károly F. Pál , Abdelmalek Taoutioui , Tamás Vértesi

We introduce a device-independent two-prover scheme in which a classical verifier can use a simple untrusted quantum measurement device (the client device) to securely delegate a quantum computation to an untrusted quantum server. To do…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Sean A. Adamson

In the implementation of device-independent quantum key distribution we are interested in maximizing the key rate, i.e. the number of key bits that can be obtained per signal, for a fixed security parameter. In the finite size regime, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-25 Gláucia Murta , Suzanne B. van Dam , Jérémy Ribeiro , Ronald Hanson , Stephanie Wehner

Quantum Key Distribution(QKD) thrives to achieve perfect secrecy of One time Pad (OTP) through quantum processes. One of the crucial components of QKD are Quantum Random Number Generators(QRNG) for generation of keys. Unfortunately, these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Arun Mishra , Kanaka Raju Pandiri , Anupama Arjun Pandit , Lucy Sharma

Device-independent quantum random number generators (DI-QRNGs) are crucial for information processing, ensuring certified quantumness and genuine randomness. However, existing implementations often face low bit rates due to quantumness…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-25 Ayan Kumar Nai , Vimlesh Kumar , M. Ebrahim-Zadeh , G. K. Samanta

The semi-source independent quantum walk random number generator (SI-QW-QRNG) is a cryptographic protocol that extracts a string of true random bits from a quantum random walk with an adversary controls a randomness source, but the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Minu J. Bae

In the spirit of device-independent cryptography, we present a two-party quantum authorization primitive with non-locality as its fueling resource. Therein, users are attributed authorization levels granting them access to a private…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-03 Ricardo Faleiro , Manuel Goulão

In the ever-evolving landscape of quantum cryptography, Device-independent Quantum Key Distribution (DI-QKD) stands out for its unique approach to ensuring security based not on the trustworthiness of the devices but on nonlocal…

Device-independent security is the gold standard for quantum cryptography: not only is security based entirely on the laws of quantum mechanics, but it holds irrespective of any a priori assumptions on the quantum devices used in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-09 Rotem Arnon , Renato Renner , Thomas Vidick

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) as a genuine source of randomness is essential in many applications, such as number simulation and cryptography. Recently, a source-independent quantum random number generator (SI-QRNG), which can…