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In recent times, the standard practice for developing MLLMs is to feed features from vision encoder(s) into the LLM and train with natural language supervision. This approach often causes models to lean towards language comprehension and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jitesh Jain , Zhengyuan Yang , Humphrey Shi , Jianfeng Gao , Jianwei Yang

Recently, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have attracted increasing research attention due to their powerful visual understanding capabilities. While they have achieved impressive results on various vision tasks, their performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Chengzhi Xu , Yuyang Wang , Lai Wei , Lichao Sun , Weiran Huang

Unified multimodal understanding and generation models recently have achieve significant improvement in image generation capability, yet a large gap remains in instruction following and detail preservation compared to systems that tightly…

Visual document retrieval aims to retrieve a set of document pages relevant to a query from visually rich collections. Existing methods often employ Vision-Language Models (VLMs) to encode queries and visual pages into a shared embedding…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hao Yang , Yifan Ji , Zhipeng Xu , Zhenghao Liu , Yukun Yan , Zulong Chen , Shuo Wang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

Autoregressive models have emerged as a powerful approach for visual generation but suffer from slow inference speed due to their sequential token-by-token prediction process. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Yuqing Wang , Shuhuai Ren , Zhijie Lin , Yujin Han , Haoyuan Guo , Zhenheng Yang , Difan Zou , Jiashi Feng , Xihui Liu

The development of separate-encoder Unified multimodal models (UMMs) comes with a rapidly growing inference cost due to dense visual token processing. In this paper, we focus on understanding-side visual token reduction for improving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Junxian Li , Kai Liu , Zizhong Ding , Zhixin Wang , Zhikai Chen , Renjing Pei , Yulun Zhang

Key-value (KV) caching has become the de-facto to accelerate generation speed for large language models (LLMs) inference. However, the growing cache demand with increasing sequence length has transformed LLM inference to be a memory bound…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Hao Kang , Qingru Zhang , Souvik Kundu , Geonhwa Jeong , Zaoxing Liu , Tushar Krishna , Tuo Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) encounter significant computational and memory bottlenecks from the massive number of visual tokens generated by high-resolution images or multi-image inputs. Previous token compression techniques…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jiaying Zhu , Yurui Zhu , Xin Lu , Wenrui Yan , Dong Li , Kunlin Liu , Xueyang Fu , Zheng-Jun Zha

Generative models have made significant progress in synthesizing visual content, including images, videos, and 3D/4D structures. However, they are typically trained with surrogate objectives such as likelihood or reconstruction loss, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuanzhi Liang , Yijie Fang , Ke Hao , Rui Li , Ziqi Ni , Ruijie Su , Chi Zhang

Vision-language models (VLMs) predominantly rely on autoregressive decoding, which generates tokens one at a time and fundamentally limits inference throughput. This limitation is especially acute in physical AI scenarios such as robotics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chengyue Wu , Shiyi Lan , Yonggan Fu , Sensen Gao , Jin Wang , Jincheng Yu , Jose M. Alvarez , Pavlo Molchanov , Ping Luo , Song Han , Ligeng Zhu , Enze Xie

We present Visual AutoRegressive modeling (VAR), a new generation paradigm that redefines the autoregressive learning on images as coarse-to-fine "next-scale prediction" or "next-resolution prediction", diverging from the standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Keyu Tian , Yi Jiang , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Liwei Wang

The rise of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT has significantly improved automated code generation, enhancing software development efficiency. However, this introduces challenges in academia, particularly in distinguishing between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zhenyu Xu , Victor S. Sheng

Existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) suffer from increased inference costs due to the additional vision tokens introduced by image inputs. In this work, we propose Visual Consistency Learning (ViCO), a novel training algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Long Cui , Weiyun Wang , Jie Shao , Zichen Wen , Gen Luo , Linfeng Zhang , Yanting Zhang , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

Classical visual coding and Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) token technology share the core objective - maximizing information fidelity while minimizing computational cost. Therefore, this paper reexamines MLLM token technology,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Jinming Liu , Junyan Lin , Yuntao Wei , Kele Shao , Keda Tao , Jianguo Huang , Xudong Yang , Zhibo Chen , Huan Wang , Xin Jin

Vision-and-Language Pre-training (VLP) improves model performance for downstream tasks that require image and text inputs. Current VLP approaches differ on (i) model architecture (especially image embedders), (ii) loss functions, and (iii)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Tarik Arici , Mehmet Saygin Seyfioglu , Tal Neiman , Yi Xu , Son Train , Trishul Chilimbi , Belinda Zeng , Ismail Tutar

Visual language models encounter challenges in computational efficiency and latency, primarily due to the substantial redundancy in the token representations of high-resolution images and videos. Current attention/similarity-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Dehua Zheng , Mouxiao Huang , Borui Jiang , Hailin Hu , Xinghao Chen

The visual projector serves as an essential bridge between the visual encoder and the Large Language Model (LLM) in a Multimodal LLM (MLLM). Typically, MLLMs adopt a simple MLP to preserve all visual contexts via one-to-one transformation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Wentong Li , Yuqian Yuan , Jian Liu , Dongqi Tang , Song Wang , Jie Qin , Jianke Zhu , Lei Zhang

With the success of pre-trained visual-language (VL) models such as CLIP in visual representation tasks, transferring pre-trained models to downstream tasks has become a crucial paradigm. Recently, the prompt tuning paradigm, which draws…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jingsheng Gao , Jiacheng Ruan , Suncheng Xiang , Zefang Yu , Ke Ji , Mingye Xie , Ting Liu , Yuzhuo Fu

Although Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive multimodal reasoning capabilities, their scalability and deployment are constrained by massive computational requirements. In particular, the massive amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

The burgeoning field of generative artificial intelligence has fundamentally reshaped our approach to content creation, with Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) standing at its forefront. While current LVLMs have demonstrated impressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Spencer Ramsey , Jeffrey Lee , Amina Grant