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The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced natural language processing, but these models often generate factually incorrect information, known as "hallucination". Initial retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yujia Zhou , Zheng Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems using large language models (LLMs) often generate inaccurate responses due to the retrieval of irrelevant or loosely related information. Existing methods, which operate at the document level,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Ishneet Sukhvinder Singh , Ritvik Aggarwal , Ibrahim Allahverdiyev , Muhammad Taha , Aslihan Akalin , Kevin Zhu , Sean O'Brien

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge, but its openness introduces vulnerabilities that can be exploited by poisoning attacks. Existing poisoning methods for RAG…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chunyang Li , Junwei Zhang , Anda Cheng , Zhuo Ma , Xinghua Li , Jianfeng Ma

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to support various decision-making tasks, assisting humans in making informed decisions. However, when LLMs confidently provide incorrect information, it can lead humans to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Chaeyun Jang , Deukhwan Cho , Seanie Lee , Hyungi Lee , Juho Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to access external knowledge sources, but the effectiveness of RAG relies on the coordination between the retriever and the generator. Since these components are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Junlin Wang , Zehao Wu , Shaowei Lu , Yanlan Li , Xinghao Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm to enhance large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, reducing hallucinations and compensating for outdated information. However, recent studies have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Pankayaraj Pathmanathan , Michael-Andrei Panaitescu-Liess , Cho-Yu Jason Chiang , Furong Huang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) by retrieving relevant documents from external corpora before generating responses. This approach significantly expands LLM capabilities by leveraging vast,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Haowei Wang , Rupeng Zhang , Junjie Wang , Mingyang Li , Yuekai Huang , Dandan Wang , Qing Wang

The robustness of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly crucial as their applicability expands across various domains and real-world applications. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a promising solution for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Sukmin Cho , Soyeong Jeong , Jeongyeon Seo , Taeho Hwang , Jong C. Park

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising solution for mitigating hallucinations of large language models (LLMs) with retrieved external knowledge. Adaptive RAG enhances this approach by enabling dynamic retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huanshuo Liu , Hao Zhang , Zhijiang Guo , Jing Wang , Kuicai Dong , Xiangyang Li , Yi Quan Lee , Cong Zhang , Yong Liu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating up-to-date external knowledge, yet real-world web environments present unique challenges. These limitations manifest as two key challenges: pervasive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yuqin Dai , Shuo Yang , Guoqing Wang , Yong Deng , Zhanwei Zhang , Jun Yin , Pengyu Zeng , Zhenzhe Ying , Changhua Meng , Can Yi , Yuchen Zhou , Weiqiang Wang , Shuai Lu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a promising paradigm, yet its trustworthiness remains a critical concern. A major vulnerability arises prior to generation: models often fail to balance parametric (internal) and retrieved (external)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xinbang Dai , Huikang Hu , Yuncheng Hua , Jiaqi Li , Yongrui Chen , Rihui Jin , Nan Hu , Guilin Qi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) generally enhances large language models' (LLMs) ability to solve knowledge-intensive tasks. But RAG may also lead to performance degradation due to imperfect retrieval and the model's limited ability to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Shuyang Cao , Karthik Radhakrishnan , David Rosenberg , Steven Lu , Pengxiang Cheng , Lu Wang , Shiyue Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) extends large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge, but this access path also introduces security risks that existing work often conflates with inherent LLM flaws. We frame secure RAG as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yuming Xu , Mingtao Zhang , Zhuohan Ge , Haoyang Li , Nicole Hu , Yongqi Zhang , Zhiyuan Wen , Jason Chen Zhang , Qing Li , Lei Chen

The widespread adoption of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems in real-world applications has heightened concerns about the confidentiality and integrity of their proprietary knowledge bases. These knowledge bases, which play a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengcheng Zhou , Yinglun Feng , Zhongliang Yang

Organizations seeking to utilize Large Language Models (LLMs) for knowledge querying and analysis often encounter challenges in maintaining an LLM fine-tuned on targeted, up-to-date information that keeps answers relevant and grounded.…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a cornerstone of contemporary NLP, enhancing large language models (LLMs) by allowing them to access richer factual contexts through in-context retrieval. While effective in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Leonardo Ranaldi , Barry Haddow , Alexandra Birch

Safe and trustworthy use of Large Language Models (LLM) in the processing of healthcare documents and scientific papers could substantially help clinicians, scientists and policymakers in overcoming information overload and focusing on the…

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

While large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in providing trustworthy responses for knowledge-intensive tasks, they still face critical limitations such as hallucinations and outdated knowledge. To address these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zizhong Li , Haopeng Zhang , Jiawei Zhang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) frameworks enable large language models (LLMs) to retrieve relevant information from a knowledge base and incorporate it into the context for generating responses. This mitigates hallucinations and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Pouria Rouzrokh , Shahriar Faghani , Cooper U. Gamble , Moein Shariatnia , Bradley J. Erickson