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In this work, we study the generalizability of diffusion models by looking into the hidden properties of the learned score functions, which are essentially a series of deep denoisers trained on various noise levels. We observe that as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Xiang Li , Yixiang Dai , Qing Qu

Recently, large-scale diffusion models, e.g., Stable diffusion and DallE2, have shown remarkable results on image synthesis. On the other hand, large-scale cross-modal pre-trained models (e.g., CLIP, ALIGN, and FILIP) are competent for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Runhui Huang , Jianhua Han , Guansong Lu , Xiaodan Liang , Yihan Zeng , Wei Zhang , Hang Xu

Score distillation of 2D diffusion models has proven to be a powerful mechanism to guide 3D optimization, for example enabling text-based 3D generation or single-view reconstruction. A common limitation of existing score distillation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Yanbo Xu , Jayanth Srinivasa , Gaowen Liu , Shubham Tulsiani

Diffusion models are primarily trained for image synthesis, yet their denoising trajectories encode rich, spatially aligned visual priors. In this paper, we demonstrate that these priors can be utilized for text-conditioned semantic and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haoxiao Wang , Antao Xiang , Haiyang Sun , Peilin Sun , Changhao Pan , Yifu Chen , Minjie Hong , Weijie Wang , Shuang Chen , Yue Chen , Zhou Zhao

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, but their practical use often depends on training neural networks to approximate the score function. Training-free diffusion models provide an attractive alternative by…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Pengjun Wang , Zezhong Zhang , Minglei Yang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Denoising diffusion probabilistic models (DDPMs) are a recent family of generative models that achieve state-of-the-art results. In order to obtain class-conditional generation, it was suggested to guide the diffusion process by gradients…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Bahjat Kawar , Roy Ganz , Michael Elad

Despite their groundbreaking performance for many generative modeling tasks, diffusion models have fallen short on discrete data domains such as natural language. Crucially, standard diffusion models rely on the well-established theory of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-10 Aaron Lou , Chenlin Meng , Stefano Ermon

Deep learning models in computational pathology often fail to generalize across cohorts and institutions due to domain shift. Existing approaches either fail to leverage unlabeled data from the target domain or rely on image-to-image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Tengyue Zhang , Ruiwen Ding , Luoting Zhuang , Yuxiao Wu , Erika F. Rodriguez , William Hsu

Limited transferability hinders the performance of deep learning models when applied to new application scenarios. Recently, unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) has achieved significant progress in addressing this issue via learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Yulong Zhang , Shuhao Chen , Yu Zhang , Jiangang Lu

Score-based diffusion models are a powerful class of generative models, widely utilized across diverse domains. Despite significant advancements in large-scale tasks such as text-to-image generation, their application to constrained domains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Saeid Naderiparizi , Xiaoxuan Liang , Setareh Cohan , Berend Zwartsenberg , Frank Wood

Many recent works utilize denoising score matching to optimize the conditional input of diffusion models. In this workshop paper, we demonstrate that such optimization breaks the equivalence between denoising score matching and exact score…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tongda Xu

While originally designed for image generation, diffusion models have recently shown to provide excellent pretrained feature representations for semantic segmentation. Intrigued by this result, we set out to explore how well…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Rui Gong , Martin Danelljan , Han Sun , Julio Delgado Mangas , Luc Van Gool

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (UDA) is essential for enabling semantic segmentation in new domains without requiring costly pixel-wise annotations. State-of-the-art (SOTA) UDA methods primarily use self-training with architecturally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Beomseok Kang , Niluthpol Chowdhury Mithun , Abhinav Rajvanshi , Han-Pang Chiu , Supun Samarasekera

We argue that the theory and practice of diffusion-based generative models are currently unnecessarily convoluted and seek to remedy the situation by presenting a design space that clearly separates the concrete design choices. This lets us…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Tero Karras , Miika Aittala , Timo Aila , Samuli Laine

The acquisition of large-scale, high-quality data is a resource-intensive and time-consuming endeavor. Compared to conventional Data Augmentation (DA) techniques (e.g. cropping and rotation), exploiting prevailing diffusion models for data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yunxiang Fu , Chaoqi Chen , Yu Qiao , Yizhou Yu

Diffusion models excel at capturing the natural design spaces of images, molecules, DNA, RNA, and protein sequences. However, rather than merely generating designs that are natural, we often aim to optimize downstream reward functions while…

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative frameworks by progressively adding noise to data through a forward process and then reversing this process to generate realistic samples. While these models have achieved strong…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xingzhuo Guo , Yu Zhang , Baixu Chen , Haoran Xu , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Diffusion models have become a leading paradigm in generative AI, with score estimation via denoising score matching as a central component. While recent theory provides strong statistical guarantees, it typically relies on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yinbin Han , Meisam Razaviyayn , Renyuan Xu

Conditional diffusion models have shown remarkable performance in various generative tasks, but training them requires large-scale datasets that often contain noise in conditional inputs, a.k.a. noisy labels. This noise leads to condition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Byeonghu Na , Yeongmin Kim , HeeSun Bae , Jung Hyun Lee , Se Jung Kwon , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon

Diffusion Models (DMs), also referred to as score-based diffusion models, utilize neural networks to specify score functions. Unlike most other probabilistic models, DMs directly model the score functions, which makes them more flexible to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Weijian Luo