English
Related papers

Related papers: Residual connections provably mitigate oversmoothi…

200 papers

In recent years, Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) have gained popularity for their exceptional ability to process graph-structured data. Existing GCN-based approaches typically employ a shallow model architecture due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Jielong Lu , Zhihao Wu , Zhiling Cai , Yueyang Pi , Shiping Wang

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN) is a pioneering model for graph-based semi-supervised learning. However, GCN does not perform well on sparsely-labeled graphs. Its two-layer version cannot effectively propagate the label information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Wei Ye , Zexi Huang , Yunqi Hong , Ambuj Singh

Despite the wide application of Graph Convolutional Network (GCN), one major limitation is that it does not benefit from the increasing depth and suffers from the oversmoothing problem. In this work, we first characterize this phenomenon…

Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) with the powerful capacity to explore graph-structural data has gained noticeable success in recent years. Nonetheless, most of the existing GCN-based models suffer from the notorious over-smoothing issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Zhaoliang Chen , Zhihao Wu , Zhenghong Lin , Shiping Wang , Claudia Plant , Wenzhong Guo

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) learn node representations through iterative network-based message-passing. While powerful, deep GNNs suffer from oversmoothing, where node features converge to a homogeneous, non-informative state. We re-frame…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Erkan Turan , Gaspard Abel , Maysam Behmanesh , Emery Pierson , Maks Ovsjanikov

The complicated syntax structure of natural language is hard to be explicitly modeled by sequence-based models. Graph is a natural structure to describe the complicated relation between tokens. The recent advance in Graph Neural Networks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Wei Li , Shuheng Li , Shuming Ma , Yancheng He , Deli Chen , Xu Sun

Despite Graph neural networks' significant performance gain over many classic techniques in various graph-related downstream tasks, their successes are restricted in shallow models due to over-smoothness and the difficulties of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jin Li , Qirong Zhang , Shuling Xu , Xinlong Chen , Longkun Guo , Yang-Geng Fu

Implicit Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved significant success in addressing graph learning problems recently. However, poorly designed implicit GNN layers may have limited adaptability to learn graph metrics, experience…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Guoji Fu , Mohammed Haroon Dupty , Yanfei Dong , Lee Wee Sun

Numerous recent research on graph neural networks (GNNs) has focused on formulating GNN architectures as an optimization problem with the smoothness assumption. However, in node classification tasks, the smoothing effect induced by GNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Jiayu Zhai , Lequan Lin , Dai Shi , Junbin Gao

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have shown state-of-the-art performances in various applications. However, GNNs often struggle to capture long-range dependencies in graphs due to oversmoothing. In this paper, we generalize the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sohir Maskey , Raffaele Paolino , Aras Bacho , Gitta Kutyniok

Deep Graph Neural Networks struggle with oversmoothing. This paper introduces a novel, physics-inspired GNN model designed to mitigate this issue. Our approach integrates with existing GNN architectures, introducing an entropy-aware message…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Philipp Nazari , Oliver Lemke , Davide Guidobene , Artiom Gesp

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance on a wide range of graph-based tasks. Despite their success, one severe limitation of GNNs is the over-smoothing issue (indistinguishable representations of nodes in different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Deli Chen , Yankai Lin , Wei Li , Peng Li , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

In designing and applying graph neural networks, we often fall into some optimization pitfalls, the most deceptive of which is that we can only build a deep model by solving over-smoothing. The fundamental reason is that we do not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Xue Li , Yuanzhi Cheng

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have been proved to be very practical to handle various graph-related tasks. It has attracted considerable research interest to study deep GCNs, due to their potential superior performance compared with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Lei Zhang , Xiaodong Yan , Jianshan He , Ruopeng Li , Wei Chu

In recent years, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved remarkable success in many graph mining tasks. However, scaling them to large graphs is challenging due to the high computational and storage costs of repeated feature propagation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Yuxuan Liang , Wentao Zhang , Zeang Sheng , Ling Yang , Quanqing Xu , Jiawei Jiang , Yunhai Tong , Bin Cui

Oversmoothing is a common challenge in learning graph neural networks (GNN), where, as layers increase, embedding features learned from GNNs quickly become similar or indistinguishable, making them incapable of differentiating network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Yufei Jin , Xingquan Zhu

In this work we investigate an observation made by Kipf \& Welling, who suggested that untrained GCNs can generate meaningful node embeddings. In particular, we investigate the effect of training only a single layer of a GCN, while keeping…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Dimitrios Kelesis , Dimitris Fotakis , Georgios Paliouras

This paper presents an analytical study of the oversmoothing issue in diffusion-based Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Generalizing beyond extant approaches grounded in random walk analysis or particle systems, we approach this problem through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Weichen Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Xinyan Wang , Congying Han , Tiande Guo , Tianshu Yu

Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are a powerful deep learning approach for graph-structured data. Recently, GCNs and subsequent variants have shown superior performance in various application areas on real-world datasets. Despite their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Ming Chen , Zhewei Wei , Zengfeng Huang , Bolin Ding , Yaliang Li

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are known to suffer from performance degradation as the number of layers increases, which is usually attributed to over-smoothing. Despite the apparent consensus, we observe that there exists a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Weilin Cong , Morteza Ramezani , Mehrdad Mahdavi