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Arabic is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world, yet efforts to develop and evaluate Large Language Models (LLMs) for Arabic remain relatively limited. Most existing Arabic benchmarks focus on linguistic, cultural, or…

The rapid advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to significant improvements in various natural language processing tasks. However, the evaluation of LLMs' legal knowledge, particularly in non-English languages such as…

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are integral to many modern natural language processing (NLP) systems. Although multilingual models cover a wide range of languages, they often grapple with challenges like high inference costs and a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Murtadha Ahmed , Saghir Alfasly , Bo Wen , Jamaal Qasem , Mohammed Ahmed , Yunfeng Liu

We present AraLingBench: a fully human annotated benchmark for evaluating the Arabic linguistic competence of large language models (LLMs). The benchmark spans five core categories: grammar, morphology, spelling, reading comprehension, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Sina Mukalled , Nadine Rizk , Fatima Karnib , Issam Lakkis , Ammar Mohanna , Bernard Ghanem

The cognitive and reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have enabled remarkable progress in natural language processing. However, their performance in interpreting structured data, especially in tabular formats, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Rana Alshaikh , Israa Alghanmi , Shelan Jeawak

In recent years, Large Language Models have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, showcasing an impressive rise predominantly in English-centric domains. These advancements have set a global benchmark, inspiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Manel Aloui , Hasna Chouikhi , Ghaith Chaabane , Haithem Kchaou , Chehir Dhaouadi

Arabic remains one of the most underrepresented languages in natural language processing research, particularly in medical applications, due to the limited availability of open-source data and benchmarks. The lack of resources hinders…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Mouath Abu-Daoud , Leen Kharouf , Omar El Hajj , Dana El Samad , Mariam Al-Omari , Jihad Mallat , Khaled Saleh , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise for various applications in healthcare. However, their efficacy in the Arabic medical domain remains unexplored due to the lack of high-quality domain-specific datasets and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mouath Abu Daoud , Chaimae Abouzahir , Leen Kharouf , Walid Al-Eisawi , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

Recent years have witnessed a significant interest in developing large multimodal models (LMMs) capable of performing various visual reasoning and understanding tasks. This has led to the introduction of multiple LMM benchmarks to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Sara Ghaboura , Ahmed Heakl , Omkar Thawakar , Ali Alharthi , Ines Riahi , Abduljalil Saif , Jorma Laaksonen , Fahad S. Khan , Salman Khan , Rao M. Anwer

Over the past three years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profound impact on multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haneh Rhel , Dmitri Roussinov

Arabic, with its rich diversity of dialects, remains significantly underrepresented in Large Language Models, particularly in dialectal variations. We address this gap by introducing seven synthetic datasets in dialects alongside Modern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fatema Ahmad , Md. Arid Hasan , Maram Hasanain , Tameem Kabbani , Fahim Dalvi , Shammur Absar Chowdhury , Firoj Alam

The growing use of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns regarding their safety. While many studies have focused on English, the safety of LLMs in Arabic, with its linguistic and cultural complexities, remains under-explored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yasser Ashraf , Yuxia Wang , Bin Gu , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

This survey offers a comprehensive overview of Large Language Models (LLMs) designed for Arabic language and its dialects. It covers key architectures, including encoder-only, decoder-only, and encoder-decoder models, along with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Malak Mashaabi , Shahad Al-Khalifa , Hend Al-Khalifa

While significant progress has been made in benchmarking Large Language Models (LLMs) across various tasks, there is a lack of comprehensive evaluation of their abilities in responding to multi-turn instructions in less-commonly tested…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Sabri Boughorbel , Majd Hawasly

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become widely used in medical applications, such as clinical decision support, medical education, and medical question answering. Yet, these models are often English-centric, limiting their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chaimae Abouzahir , Congbo Ma , Nizar Habash , Farah E. Shamout

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral to numerous industries, increasingly serving as the core reasoning engine for autonomous agents that perform complex tasks through tool-use. While the development of Arabic-native LLMs is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Konstantin Kubrak , Ahmed El-Moselhy , Ammar Alsulami , Remaz Altuwaim , Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Faisal Alsaby

We introduce ALARB, a dataset and suite of tasks designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within the Arabic legal domain. While existing Arabic benchmarks cover some knowledge-intensive tasks such as…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are the engines driving today's AI agents. The better these models understand human languages, the more natural and user-friendly the interaction with AI becomes, from everyday devices like computers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Mohamed Mahdi

Recent advancements in instruction fine-tuning, alignment methods such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), and optimization techniques like direct preference optimization (DPO) have significantly enhanced the adaptability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Samar M. Magdy , Sang Yun Kwon , Fakhraddin Alwajih , Safaa Abdelfadil , Shady Shehata , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed
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