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With the burgeoning development in the realm of large language models (LLMs), the demand for efficient incremental training tailored to specific industries and domains continues to increase. Currently, the predominantly employed frameworks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yixuan Weng , Zhiqi Wang , Huanxuan Liao , Shizhu He , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

This study focuses on using large language models (LLMs) as a planner for embodied agents that can follow natural language instructions to complete complex tasks in a visually-perceived environment. The high data cost and poor sample…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Chan Hee Song , Jiaman Wu , Clayton Washington , Brian M. Sadler , Wei-Lun Chao , Yu Su

In recent years, pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable efficiency in achieving an inference-time few-shot learning capability known as in-context learning. However, existing literature has highlighted the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Xinyi Wang , Wanrong Zhu , Michael Saxon , Mark Steyvers , William Yang Wang

A common training approach for language models involves using a large-scale language model to expand a human-provided dataset, which is subsequently used for model training.This method significantly reduces training costs by eliminating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Minghang Zhu , Shen Gao , Zhengliang Shi , Jiabao Fang , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen , Shuo Shang

Large language models are trained on massive scrapes of the web, as required by current scaling laws. Most progress is made for English, given its abundance of high-quality pretraining data. For most other languages, however, such high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Skyler Seto , Maartje ter Hoeve , Richard He Bai , Natalie Schluter , David Grangier

While large language models (LLMs) bring not only performance but also complexity, recent work has started to turn LLMs into data generators rather than task inferencers, where another affordable task model is trained for efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Jiacheng Ye , Chengzu Li , Lingpeng Kong , Tao Yu

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in a diverse set of language inference and understanding tasks. The pre-training stage of LLMs looks at a large corpus of raw textual data. The BabyLM shared task compares LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Khushi Bhardwaj , Raj Sanjay Shah , Sashank Varma

Large language models (LLMs) rely on web-scale corpora for pre-training. The noise inherent in these datasets tends to obscure meaningful patterns and ultimately degrade model performance. Data curation mitigates but cannot eliminate such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xu Guo , Runyu Peng , Jian Tong , Yunhua Zhou , Haijun Lv , Zhihui Lu , Qipeng Guo

In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) delivers strong few-shot performance by choosing few-shot demonstrations from the entire training data. However, existing ICL methods, which rely on similarity or diversity scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiarui Jin , Yuwei Wu , Haoxuan Li , Xiaoting He , Weinan Zhang , Yiming Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Mengyue Yang

Instruction-tuning language models has become a crucial step in aligning them for general use. Typically, this process involves extensive training on large datasets, incurring high training costs. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Dheeraj Mekala , Alex Nguyen , Jingbo Shang

Language models often pre-train on large unsupervised text corpora, then fine-tune on additional task-specific data. However, typical fine-tuning schemes do not prioritize the examples that they tune on. We show that, if you can prioritize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Ian Osband , Seyed Mohammad Asghari , Benjamin Van Roy , Nat McAleese , John Aslanides , Geoffrey Irving

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) aim to learn linguistic competence directly from speech using discrete units, widening access to Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies for languages with limited written resources. However, progress…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Adel Moumen , Guangzhi Sun , Philip C. Woodland

Training with larger mini-batches improves the convergence rate and can yield superior performance. However, training with large mini-batches becomes prohibitive for Large Language Models (LLMs), due to the large GPU memory requirement. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Dang Nguyen , Wenhan Yang , Rathul Anand , Yu Yang , Baharan Mirzasoleiman

Instruction tuning has unlocked powerful capabilities in large language models (LLMs), effectively using combined datasets to develop generalpurpose chatbots. However, real-world applications often require a specialized suite of skills…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mengzhou Xia , Sadhika Malladi , Suchin Gururangan , Sanjeev Arora , Danqi Chen

Large language models are powerful but costly. We ask whether meta-learning can make the pretraining of small language models not only better but also more interpretable. We integrate first-order MAML with subset-masked LM pretraining,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 David Demitri Africa , Yuval Weiss , Paula Buttery , Richard Diehl Martinez

Large language models (LLMs) achieve remarkable advancements by leveraging tools to interact with environments, a critical step toward generalized AI. However, the standard supervised fine-tuning (SFT) approach, which relies on large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Junjie Ye , Yilong Wu , Sixian Li , Yuming Yang , Zhiheng Xi , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Peng Wang , Zhongchao Shi , Jianping Fan , Zhengyin Du

The increasing size and complexity of pre-trained language models have demonstrated superior performance in many applications, but they usually require large training datasets to be adequately trained. Insufficient training sets could…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yaping Chai , Haoran Xie , Joe S. Qin

For specialized domains, there is often not a wealth of data with which to train large machine learning models. In such limited data / compute settings, various methods exist aiming to $\textit{do more with less}$, such as finetuning from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Rohan Saha , Abrar Fahim , Alona Fyshe , Alex Murphy

This work focuses on leveraging and selecting from vast, unlabeled, open data to pre-fine-tune a pre-trained language model. The goal is to minimize the need for costly domain-specific data for subsequent fine-tuning while achieving desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Feiyang Kang , Hoang Anh Just , Yifan Sun , Himanshu Jahagirdar , Yuanzhi Zhang , Rongxing Du , Anit Kumar Sahu , Ruoxi Jia
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