Related papers: European Defence Readiness
The aviation industry faces significant vulnerabilities from both physical and cybersecurity threats, highlighting the urgent need for enhanced cybersecurity measures amid increasingly sophisticated attacks. This paper systematically…
Compared to other global powers, the European Union (EU) is rarely considered a leading player in the development of artificial intelligence (AI). Why is this, and does this in fact accurately reflect the activities of the EU? What would it…
The Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) is a new European Union (EU) regulation aimed at enhancing the security of digital products and services by ensuring they meet stringent cybersecurity requirements. This paper investigates the challenges that…
Ensemble defenses, are widely employed in various security-related applications to enhance model performance and robustness. The widespread adoption of these techniques also raises many questions: Are general ensembles defenses guaranteed…
The received wisdom is that artificial intelligence (AI) is a competition between the US and China. In this chapter, the author will examine how the European Union (EU) fits into that mix and what it can offer as a third way to govern AI.…
Hydrogen and carbon capture and storage are pivotal to decarbonize the European energy system in a broad range of pathway scenarios. Yet, their timely uptake in different sectors and distribution across countries are affected by supply…
A strategy is a plan, method, or series of actions for obtaining a specified goal. A military strategy typically employs the threat or use of military force in opposition to an adversary, and is called upon where large scale force is viewed…
With a steadily growing population and rapid advancements in technology, the global economy is increasing in size and complexity. This growth exacerbates global vulnerabilities and may lead to unforeseen consequences such as global…
The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various domains, offering significant benefits through enhanced interconnectivity and data exchange. However, the security challenges associated with IoT networks have…
This study compares the National Cybersecurity Strategies (NCSSs) of publicly available documents of ten nations across Europe (United Kingdom, France, Lithuania, Estonia, Spain, and Norway), Asia-Pacific (Singapore and Australia), and the…
Ecosystem restoration is a paramount policy priority for this decade, with ambitious global and European targets requiring unprecedented levels of data-driven implementation. Achieving effective and equitable restoration, particularly for…
During the New Space era small countries are becoming important players in the space business. While space activities are rapidly increasing globally, it is important to make operations in a sustainable and safe way in order to preserve…
Cybersecurity is a big challenge as hackers are always trying to find new methods to attack and exploit system vulnerabilities. Cybersecurity threats and risks have increased in recent years, due to the increasing number of devices and…
Socio-economic data mining has a great potential in terms of gaining a better understanding of problems that our economy and society are facing, such as financial instability, shortages of resources, or conflicts. Without large-scale data…
The rise of digital platforms has transformed political campaigning, introducing complex regulatory challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive taxonomy for analyzing political content in the EU's digital electoral landscape, aligning…
Software adoption has traditionally been understood through instrumental lenses, such as usability, cost, security, and interoperability. We argue that a new, ideological dimension is reshaping adoption decisions: one we term digital…
A new Digital Europe Programme (DEP), a funding instrument for development and innovation, was established in the European Union (EU) in 2021. The paper makes an empirical inquiry into the projects funded through the DEP. According to the…
Threat modelling is foundational to secure systems engineering and should be done in consideration of the context within which systems operate. On the other hand, the continuous evolution of both the technical sophistication of threats and…
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks persist as significant threats to online services and infrastructure, evolving rapidly in sophistication and eluding traditional detection mechanisms. This evolution demands a comprehensive…
The Cyber Security and Resilience (Network and Information Systems) Bill, introduced to Parliament in November 2025, represents the most significant reform of UK cyber security legislation in nearly a decade. This paper provides a…