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Mathematical models in neural networks are powerful tools for solving complex differential equations and optimizing their parameters; that is, solving the forward and inverse problems, respectively. A forward problem predicts the output of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aarush Gupta , Kendric Hsu , Syna Mathod

Physics-informed neural networks based on automatic differentiation (AD-PINNs) and their finite-difference counterparts (FD-PINNs) are widely used for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their analytical properties remain…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-13 Andreas Langer

We propose Gauss-Newton's method in function space for the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations in the physics-informed neural network (PINN) framework. Upon discretization, this yields a natural gradient method that provably mimics the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-19 Anas Jnini , Flavio Vella , Marius Zeinhofer

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) represent a groundbreaking paradigm in scientific computing, seamlessly integrating the robust framework of deep learning with fundamental physical laws. This paper meticulously applies the standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-19 Ahmed Aberqi , Ahmed Miloudi

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers employing two-equation eddy viscosity models are the industry standard for simulating turbulent flows using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) formulation. While these methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Shinjan Ghosh , Amit Chakraborty , Georgia Olympia Brikis , Biswadip Dey

One of the biggest challenges in the optimization of micro-scale fluid transport phenomena is the prediction of unsteady fluid flow in the presence of rough channel walls. Even though the accuracy of available computational fluid dynamics…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ganesh Sahadeo Meshram , Partha Pratim Chakrabarti , Suman Chakraborty

This work establishes rigorous first-of-its-kind upper bounds on the generalization error for the method of approximating solutions to the (d+1)-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by training depth-2 neural networks trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Sebastien Andre-Sloan , Dibyakanti Kumar , Alejandro F Frangi , Anirbit Mukherjee

There have been several efforts to Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) in the solution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes fluid. The loss function in PINNs is a weighted sum of multiple terms, including the mismatch in the observed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-09-30 Zixue Xiang , Wei Peng , Xiaohu Zheng , Xiaoyu Zhao , Wen Yao

Differential equations are indispensable to engineering and hence to innovation. In recent years, physics-informed neural networks (PINN) have emerged as a novel method for solving differential equations. PINN method has the advantage of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Mayank Raj , Pramod Kumbhar , Ratna Kumar Annabattula

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a promising alternative for solving partial differential equations, offering a mesh-free framework that incorporates physical laws directly into the learning process. In this…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-04-17 Gal G. Shaviner , Hemanth Chandravamsi , Shimon Pisnoy , Ziv Chen , Steven H. Frankel

Although physics-informed neural networks(PINNs) have progressed a lot in many real applications recently, there remains problems to be further studied, such as achieving more accurate results, taking less training time, and quantifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Bin Shan , Ye Li , Shengjun Huang

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a powerful emerging method for studying forward-inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs), even from limited sample data. Variable coefficient PDEs, which model real-world phenomena,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Hui-Juan Zhou , Yong Chen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

Singularly perturbed problems are known to have solutions with steep boundary layers that are hard to resolve numerically. Traditional numerical methods, such as Finite Difference Methods (FDMs), require a refined mesh to obtain stable and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Jiajing Guan , Howard Elman

Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) exists widely in natural and industrial fields. The main approaches for solving VIV problems are numerical simulations and experimental methods. However, experiment methods are difficult to obtain the whole…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-06-04 Chen Cheng , Peng-Fei Xu , Yong-Zheng Li , Guang-Tao Zhang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been proposed to solve two main classes of problems: data-driven solutions and data-driven discovery of partial differential equations. This task becomes prohibitive when such data is highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Wei Peng , Wen Yao , Weien Zhou , Xiaoya Zhang , Weijie Yao

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) recast PDE solving as an optimisation problem in function space by minimising a residual-based objective, yet many applications require additional derivative-based relations that are just as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Kentaro Hoshisashi , Carolyn E Phelan , Paolo Barucca

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are machine learning tools that approximate the solution of general partial differential equations (PDEs) by adding them in some form as terms of the loss/cost function of a Neural Network. Most…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-29 Antonio Tadeu Azevedo Gomes , Larissa Miguez da Silva , Frederic Valentin

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis