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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have the potential to significantly enhance human productivity by reasoning, using tools, and executing complex tasks in diverse environments. However, current approaches to…

Large language models (LLMs) are catalyzing the development of autonomous AI research agents for scientific and engineering discovery. We present FM Agent, a novel and general-purpose multi-agent framework that leverages a synergistic…

As general-purpose tools, Large Language Models (LLMs) must often reason about everyday physical environments. In a question-and-answer capacity, understanding the interactions of physical objects may be necessary to give appropriate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Matteo G. Mecattaf , Ben Slater , Marko Tešić , Jonathan Prunty , Konstantinos Voudouris , Lucy G. Cheke

Understanding and reasoning on the large-scale scientific literature is a crucial touchstone for large language model (LLM) based agents. However, existing works are mainly restricted to tool-free tasks within single papers, largely due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Daoyu Wang , Mingyue Cheng , Shuo Yu , Zirui Liu , Ze Guo , Xin Li , Qi Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly advancing across diverse domains, yet their application in theoretical physics remains inadequate. While current models show competence in mathematical reasoning and code generation, we identify…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sirui Lu , Zhijing Jin , Terry Jingchen Zhang , Pavel Kos , J. Ignacio Cirac , Bernhard Schölkopf

AI agents deployed as persistent assistants must maintain correct beliefs as their information environment evolves. In practice, evidence is scattered across heterogeneous sources that often contradict one another, new information can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Haonian Ji , Kaiwen Xiong , Siwei Han , Peng Xia , Shi Qiu , Yiyang Zhou , Jiaqi Liu , Jinlong Li , Bingzhou Li , Zeyu Zheng , Cihang Xie , Huaxiu Yao

As scientific research becomes increasingly complex, innovative tools are needed to manage vast data, facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration, and accelerate discovery. Large language models (LLMs) are now evolving into LLM-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shuo Ren , Can Xie , Pu Jian , Zhenjiang Ren , Chunlin Leng , Jiajun Zhang

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

Adapting autonomous agents for real-world industrial, domestic, and other daily tasks is currently gaining momentum. However, in global or cross-lingual application contexts, ensuring effective interaction with the environment and executing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Linus Nwankwo , Bjoern Ellensohn , Ozan Özdenizci , Elmar Rueckert

Reinforcement learning (RL) is one of the active fields in machine learning, demonstrating remarkable potential in tackling real-world challenges. Despite its promising prospects, this methodology has encountered with issues and challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Alireza Rashidi Laleh , Majid Nili Ahmadabadi

We are increasingly surrounded by artificially intelligent technology that takes decisions and executes actions on our behalf. This creates a pressing need for general means to communicate with, instruct and guide artificial agents, with…

For a long time, humanity has pursued artificial intelligence (AI) equivalent to or surpassing the human level, with AI agents considered a promising vehicle for this pursuit. AI agents are artificial entities that sense their environment,…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in scientific research and discovery, supporting tasks ranging from literature retrieval and synthesis to hypothesis generation, autonomous experimentation, and research evaluation.…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Haoxuan Zhang , Ruochi Li , Yang Zhang , Ting Xiao , Jiangping Chen , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in reasoning and agent-based problem-solving, current evaluation methodologies fail to adequately assess their capabilities: existing benchmarks either rely on…

Recent advances in agentic AI have enabled increasingly autonomous workflows, but existing systems still face substantial challenges in achieving reliable deployment in real-world scientific research. In this work, we present a safe,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Qibin Liu , Julia Gonski

Language-based environment manipulation requires agents to manipulate the environment following natural language instructions, which is challenging due to the huge space of the environments. To address this challenge, various approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Qi Shi , Qian Liu , Bei Chen , Yu Zhang , Ting Liu , Jian-Guang Lou

Transformer-based large language models are rapidly advancing in the field of machine learning research, with applications spanning natural language, biology, chemistry, and computer programming. Extreme scaling and reinforcement learning…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Daniil A. Boiko , Robert MacKnight , Gabe Gomes

Agents in the real world must make not only logical but also timely judgments. This requires continuous awareness of the dynamic environment: hazards emerge, opportunities arise, and other agents act, while the agent's reasoning is still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Yule Wen , Yixin Ye , Yanzhe Zhang , Diyi Yang , Hao Zhu

We introduce MLRC-Bench, a benchmark designed to quantify how effectively language agents can tackle challenging Machine Learning (ML) Research Competitions, with a focus on open research problems that demand novel methodologies. Unlike…