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Test-time scaling has been widely adopted to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Model (LLM) agents in software engineering (SWE) tasks. However, the standard approach of repeatedly sampling trajectories from scratch is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yifeng Ding , Lingming Zhang

LLM-based agent systems are emerging as a new software paradigm and have been widely adopted across diverse domains such as medicine, robotics, and programming. However, maintaining these systems requires substantial effort, as they are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Alfin Wijaya Rahardja , Junwei Liu , Weitong Chen , Zhenpeng Chen , Yiling Lou

Large language models are increasingly used as coding agents for software engineering tasks. Current benchmarks mainly evaluate whether the agent can correctly solve the request or fix the bugs. They largely treat tasks as independent and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Jiayuan Zhu , Junde Wu , Minhao Hu , Shengda Zhu , Jiazhen Pan , Weixiang Shen , Yijun Yang , Fenglin Liu , Jianye Hao , Yueming Jin , Qirong Ho , Min Xu

Large language model agents have made strong progress on software engineering, yet current systems suffer from a context coupling problem: the standard code editing interface conflates code inspection, modification planning, and edit…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yikai Zhang , Jiaxin Pei , Kenan Li , Qirui Jin , Maoquan Wang , Jin Pan , Yu Kang , Shengyu Fu , Elsie Nallipogu , Junjie Hu , Yufan Huang , Zijian Jin

Current benchmarks for evaluating software engineering agents, such as SWE-Bench Verified, are predominantly derived from GitHub issues and fail to accurately reflect how developers interact with chat-based coding assistants in integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Spandan Garg , Benjamin Steenhoek , Yufan Huang

Code performance optimization is paramount in real-world software engineering and critical for production-level systems. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in code generation and bug fixing, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xinyi He , Qian Liu , Mingzhe Du , Lin Yan , Zhijie Fan , Yiming Huang , Zejian Yuan , Zejun Ma

Large language models have demonstrated strong capabilities in individual software engineering tasks, yet most autonomous systems still treat issue resolution as a monolithic or pipeline-based process. In contrast, real-world software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Nikita Benkovich , Vitalii Valkov

Despite recent progress in language models and agents for scientific data-driven discovery, further advancing their capabilities is held back by the absence of verifiable environments representing real-world scientific tasks. To fill this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Hanane Nour Moussa , Yifei Li , Zhuoyang Li , Yankai Yang , Cheng Tang , Tianshu Zhang , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Ali Payani , Ziru Chen , Huan Sun

The issue-resolving task, where a model generates patches to fix real-world bugs, has emerged as a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While SWE-bench and its variants have become standard in…

Small language models (SLMs) offer compelling advantages in cost, latency, and adaptability, but have so far lagged behind larger models on long-horizon software engineering tasks such as SWE-bench, where they suffer from pervasive action…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Patrick Tser Jern Kon , Archana Pradeep , Ang Chen , Alexander P. Ellis , Warren Hunt , Zijian Wang , John Yang , Samuel Thompson

Issue resolution, a complex Software Engineering (SWE) task integral to real-world development, has emerged as a compelling challenge for artificial intelligence. The establishment of benchmarks like SWE-bench revealed this task as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Caihua Li , Lianghong Guo , Yanlin Wang , Daya Guo , Wei Tao , Zhenyu Shan , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Haoyu Song , Duyu Tang , Hongyu Zhang , Zibin Zheng

The evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for software engineering (SWE) is constrained by the scarcity of verifiable datasets, a bottleneck stemming from the complexity of constructing executable environments across diverse…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chuanzhe Guo , Jingjing Wu , Sijun He , Yang Chen , Zhaoqi Kuang , Shilong Fan , Bingjin Chen , Siqi Bao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che , Haifeng Wang

Rigorous software testing is crucial for developing and maintaining high-quality code, making automated test generation a promising avenue for both improving software quality and boosting the effectiveness of code generation methods.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Niels Mündler , Mark Niklas Müller , Jingxuan He , Martin Vechev

We introduce MedAgentGym, a scalable and interactive training environment designed to enhance coding-based biomedical reasoning capabilities in large language model (LLM) agents. MedAgentGym comprises 72,413 task instances across 129…

Resolving real-world software engineering (SWE) issues with autonomous agents requires complex, long-horizon reasoning. Current pipelines are bottlenecked by unoptimized demonstration data, sparse execution rewards, and computationally…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Hao Han , Jin Xie , Xuehao Ma , Weiquan Zhu , Ziyao Zhang , ZhiLiang Long , Hongkai Chen , Qingwen Ye

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly capable and widely adopted, benchmarks play a central role in assessing their practical utility. For example, SWE-Bench Verified has emerged as a critical benchmark for evaluating LLMs'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shanchao Liang , Spandan Garg , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Coding agents powered by large language models have shown impressive capabilities in software engineering tasks, but evaluating their performance across diverse programming languages and real-world scenarios remains challenging. We…

Prior representative ReAct-style approaches in autonomous Software Engineering (SWE) typically lack the explicit System-2 reasoning required for deep analysis and handling complex edge cases. While recent reasoning models demonstrate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuquan Lian , Juncheng Liu , Yazhe Chen , Yuhong Chen , Hui Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently shown impressive performance in complex game AI and robotics tasks. To a large extent, this is thanks to the availability of simulated environments such as OpenAI Gym, Atari Learning Environment, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Rajkumar Ramamurthy , Rafet Sifa , Christian Bauckhage

Recent advances in code generation models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in automating software development tasks, yet these models still struggle in real-world software engineering scenarios. Although current training methods,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Kechi Zhang , Huangzhao Zhang , Ge Li , Jinliang You , Jia Li , Yunfei Zhao , Zhi Jin