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Ransomware is a growing threat that typically operates by either encrypting a victim's files or locking a victim's computer until the victim pays a ransom. However, it is still challenging to detect such malware timely with existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed , Hyoungshick Kim , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Ransomware remains a critical threat to cybersecurity, yet publicly available datasets for training machine learning-based ransomware detection models are scarce and often have limited sample size, diversity, and reproducibility. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Faithful Chiagoziem Onwuegbuche , Adelodun Olaoluwa , Anca Delia Jurcut , Liliana Pasquale

Computing is still under a significant threat from ransomware, which necessitates prompt action to prevent it. Ransomware attacks can have a negative impact on how smart grids, particularly digital substations. In addition to examining a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Hong-Nhung Nguyen , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Damien Lescos

The rapid evolution of encryption-based threats has rendered conventional detection mechanisms increasingly ineffective against sophisticated attack strategies. Monitoring entropy variations across hierarchical system levels offers an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hayden Srynn , Gilbert Pomeroy , Florence Lytton , Godfrey Ashcombe , Valentine Harcourt , Duncan Pettigrew

The continued evolution and diversity of malware constitutes a major threat in modern systems. It is well proven that security defenses currently available are ineffective to mitigate the skills and imagination of cyber-criminals…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-02 Irina Baptista , Stavros Shiaeles , Nicholas Kolokotronis

The increasing sophistication of encryption-based ransomware has demanded innovative approaches to detection and mitigation, prompting the development of a hierarchical framework grounded in probabilistic cryptographic analysis. By focusing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Kevin Pekepok , Persephone Kirkwood , Esme Christopolous , Florence Braithwaite , Oliver Nightingale

Cybercrime is one of the major digital threats of this century. In particular, ransomware attacks have significantly increased, resulting in global damage costs of tens of billion dollars. In this paper, we train and test different Machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Benjamin Marais , Tony Quertier , Stéphane Morucci

Ransomware continues to evolve as one of the most disruptive cyber threats, with recent variants increasingly leveraging automated and AI-assisted techniques to evade traditional signature-based defenses. Early detection of such attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Prabhudarshi Nayak , Gogulakrishnan Thiyagarajan , Debashree Priyadarshini , Vinay Bist , Rohan Swain

Ransomware uses encryption methods to make data inaccessible to legitimate users. To date a wide range of ransomware families have been developed and deployed, causing immense damage to governments, corporations, and private users. As these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Aldin Vehabovic , Nasir Ghani , Elias Bou-Harb , Jorge Crichigno , Aysegul Yayimli

Ransomware has emerged as one of the major global threats in recent days. The alarming increasing rate of ransomware attacks and new ransomware variants intrigue the researchers in this domain to constantly examine the distinguishing traits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Rawshan Ara Mowri , Madhuri Siddula , Kaushik Roy

Encryption-based cyber threats continue to evolve, employing increasingly sophisticated techniques to bypass traditional detection mechanisms. Many existing classification strategies depend on static rule sets, signature-based matching, or…

Ransomware is a significant global threat, with easy deployment due to the prevalent ransomware-as-a-service model. Machine learning algorithms incorporating the use of opcode characteristics and Support Vector Machine have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-30 James Baldwin , Ali Dehghantanha

Emergence of crypto-ransomware has significantly changed the cyber threat landscape. A crypto ransomware removes data custodian access by encrypting valuable data on victims' computers and requests a ransom payment to reinstantiate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Sajad Homayoun , Ali Dehghantanha , Marzieh Ahmadzadeh , Sattar Hashemi , Raouf Khayami

Encryption-based attacks have introduced significant challenges for detection mechanisms that rely on predefined signatures, heuristic indicators, or static rule-based classifications. Probabilistic Latent Encryption Mapping presents an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Mohammad Eisa , Quentin Yardley , Rafael Witherspoon , Harriet Pendlebury , Clement Rutherford

Ransomware attacks have caused billions of dollars in damages in recent years, and are expected to cause billions more in the future. Consequently, significant effort has been devoted to ransomware detection and mitigation. Behavioral-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Dorjan Hitaj , Giulio Pagnotta , Fabio De Gaspari , Lorenzo De Carli , Luigi V. Mancini

Ransomware attacks have emerged as one of the most significant cybersecurity threats. Despite numerous proposed detection and defense methods, existing approaches face two fundamental limitations in large-scale industrial applications:…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Shenao Wang , Feng Dong , Hangfeng Yang , Jingheng Xu , Haoyu Wang

The rise of ransomware attacks has necessitated the development of effective strategies for identifying and mitigating these threats. This research investigates the utilization of a feature selection algorithm for distinguishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Mike Nkongolo

Ransomware is a kind of malware using cryptographic mechanisms to prevent victims from normal use of their computers. As a result, victims lose the access to their files and desktops unless they pay the ransom to the attackers. By the end…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Tianrou Xia , Yuanyi Sun , Sencun Zhu , Zeeshan Rasheed , Khurram Shafique

Vicious assaults, malware, and various ransomware pose a cybersecurity threat, causing considerable damage to computer structures, servers, and mobile and web apps across various industries and businesses. These safety concerns are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Kavitha Kunku , ANK Zaman , Kaushik Roy

File encrypting ransomware increasingly employs intermittent encryption techniques, encrypting only parts of files to evade classical detection methods. These strategies, exemplified by ransomware families like BlackCat, complicate file…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Ynes Ineza , Gerald Jackson , Prince Niyonkuru , Jaden Kevil , Abdul Serwadda