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Local polynomial density (LPD) estimators are widely used for inference on boundary features of the density function. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we show that kernel choice substantially affects efficiency. Theory, simulations, and…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-08 Shunsuke Imai , Yuta Okamoto

To address the increasing size and complexity of modern software systems, compositional verification separates the verification of single components from the verification of their composition. In architecture-based verification, the former…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-11 Diego Marmsoler , Genc Blakqori

Intermediate token generation (ITG), where a model produces output before the solution, has been proposed as a method to improve the performance of language models on reasoning tasks. While these reasoning traces or Chain of Thoughts (CoTs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Vardhan Palod , Karthik Valmeekam , Kaya Stechly , Subbarao Kambhampati

Traditional automated theorem provers for first-order logic depend on speed-optimized search and many handcrafted heuristics that are designed to work best over a wide range of domains. Machine learning approaches in literature either…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Eser Aygün , Laurent Orseau , Ankit Anand , Xavier Glorot , Vlad Firoiu , Lei M. Zhang , Doina Precup , Shibl Mourad

Neural networks have shown substantial promise at automatic theorem-proving in interactive proof assistants (ITPs) like Lean and Coq. However, most neural theorem-proving models are restricted to specific ITPs, leaving out opportunities for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Amitayush Thakur , George Tsoukalas , Greg Durrett , Swarat Chaudhuri

Chain-of-thought prompting has emerged as a powerful technique for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex reasoning tasks. However, these reasoning chains can be verbose, raising concerns about efficiency. In response,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ayeong Lee , Ethan Che , Tianyi Peng

The cost of LTL model checking is highly sensitive to the length of the formula under verification. We observe that, under some specific conditions, the input LTL formula can be reduced to an easier-to-handle one before model checking. In…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-01-16 Wanwei Liu , Rui Wang , Xianjin Fu , Ji Wang , Wei Dong , Xiaoguang Mao

This paper examines the problem of learning with a finite and possibly large set of p base kernels. It presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of an approach addressing this problem based on ensembles of kernel predictors. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Afshin Rostamizadeh

Verification methods based on SAT, SMT, and Theorem Proving often rely on proofs of unsatisfiability as a powerful tool to extract information in order to reduce the overall effort. For example a proof may be traversed to identify a minimal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-04-16 S. F. Rollini , R. Bruttomesso , N. Sharygina , A. Tsitovich

Current Large Language Model alignment research mostly focuses on improving model robustness against adversarial attacks and misbehavior by training on examples and prompting. Research has shown that LLM jailbreak probability increases with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Thomas Rivasseau

A convenient technique for proving kernel theorems for (LF)-spaces (countable inductive limits of Frechet spaces)is developed. The proposed approach is based on introducing a suitable modification of the functor of the completed inductive…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2007-05-23 A. G. Smirnov

This paper studies the statistical complexity of kernel hyperparameter tuning in the setting of active regression under adversarial noise. We consider the problem of finding the best interpolant from a class of kernels with unknown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Raphael A. Meyer , Christopher Musco

The ``Neural Tangent Kernel'' (NTK) (Jacot et al 2018), and its empirical variants have been proposed as a proxy to capture certain behaviors of real neural networks. In this work, we study NTKs through the lens of scaling laws, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Nikhil Vyas , Yamini Bansal , Preetum Nakkiran

Theorem proving is a fundamental aspect of mathematics, spanning from informal reasoning in natural language to rigorous derivations in formal systems. In recent years, the advancement of deep learning, especially the emergence of large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Zhaoyu Li , Jialiang Sun , Logan Murphy , Qidong Su , Zenan Li , Xian Zhang , Kaiyu Yang , Xujie Si

Reasoning with knowledge expressed in natural language and Knowledge Bases (KBs) is a major challenge for Artificial Intelligence, with applications in machine reading, dialogue, and question answering. General neural architectures that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Pasquale Minervini , Matko Bošnjak , Tim Rocktäschel , Sebastian Riedel , Edward Grefenstette

Large reasoning models (LRMs) spend substantial test-time compute on long chain-of-thought (CoT) traces, but what *characterizes* an effective CoT remains unclear. While prior work reports gains from lengthening CoTs and increasing review…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yunzhen Feng , Julia Kempe , Cheng Zhang , Parag Jain , Anthony Hartshorn

Attempts to render deep learning models interpretable, data-efficient, and robust have seen some success through hybridisation with rule-based systems, for example, in Neural Theorem Provers (NTPs). These neuro-symbolic models can induce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Pasquale Minervini , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

The recent trend towards utilisation of reasoning models has improved the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) across many tasks which involve logical steps. One linguistic task that could benefit from this framing is idiomaticity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Dylan Phelps , Rodrigo Wilkens , Edward Gow-Smith , Thomas Pickard , Maggie Mi , Aline Villavicencio

Formal verification using interactive theorem provers ensures high-quality software. However, writing proof scripts for interactive theorem provers is labor-intensive and requires deep expertise. Recent studies have leveraged deep learning…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Lingru Zhou , Bingxu Xiao , Yepang Liu

This is an overview of the Paral-ITP project, which intents to make the proof assistants Isabelle and Coq fit for the multicore era.