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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have spurred growing interest in automatic theorem proving using Lean4, where effective tree search methods are crucial for navigating the underlying large proof search spaces. While the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ran Xin , Chenguang Xi , Jie Yang , Feng Chen , Hang Wu , Xia Xiao , Yifan Sun , Shen Zheng , Kai Shen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked considerable interest in automated theorem proving and a prominent line of research integrates stepwise LLM-based provers into tree search. In this paper, we introduce a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Junyu Lai , Jiakun Zhang , Shuo Xu , Taolue Chen , Zihang Wang , Yao Yang , Jiarui Zhang , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu

LLMs have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning abilities by leveraging reinforcement learning with long chain-of-thought, yet they continue to struggle with theorem proving due to the lack of clear supervision signals when solely…

We present StepFun-Prover Preview, a large language model designed for formal theorem proving through tool-integrated reasoning. Using a reinforcement learning pipeline that incorporates tool-based interactions, StepFun-Prover can achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Shijie Shang , Ruosi Wan , Yue Peng , Yutong Wu , Xiong-hui Chen , Jie Yan , Xiangyu Zhang

We introduce Kimina-Prover Preview, a large language model that pioneers a novel reasoning-driven exploration paradigm for formal theorem proving, as showcased in this preview release. Trained with a large-scale reinforcement learning…

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Nowadays, formal theorem provers have made monumental progress on high-school and competition-level mathematics, but few of them generalize to more advanced mathematics. In this paper, we present REAL-Prover, a new open-source stepwise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Ziju Shen , Naohao Huang , Fanyi Yang , Yutong Wang , Guoxiong Gao , Tianyi Xu , Jiedong Jiang , Wanyi He , Pu Yang , Mengzhou Sun , Haocheng Ju , Peihao Wu , Bryan Dai , Bin Dong

The synergy between deep learning models and traditional automation tools, such as built-in tactics of the proof assistant and off-the-shelf automated theorem provers, plays a crucial role in developing robust and efficient neural theorem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Haoxiong Liu , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Andrew C Yao

Formal mathematics libraries are rapidly expanding, creating a growing need to refactor verified proofs for maintainability and to improve training data quality for neural provers. However, scalable proof optimization is hindered by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Riyaz Ahuja , Tate Rowney , Jeremy Avigad , Sean Welleck

We introduce Goedel-Prover-V2, a series of open-source language models that set a new state-of-the-art in automated theorem proving. Built on the standard expert iteration and reinforcement learning pipeline, our approach incorporates three…

Formal methods is pivotal for verifying the reliability of critical systems through rigorous mathematical proofs. However, its adoption is hindered by labor-intensive manual proofs and the expertise required to use theorem provers. Recent…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Jilin Hu , Jianyu Zhang , Yongwang Zhao , Talia Ringer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant promise in automated theorem proving, yet progress is often constrained by the scarcity of diverse and high-quality formal language data. To address this issue, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xinyuan Zhou , Yi Lei , Xiaoyu Zhou , Jingyi Sun , Yu Zhu , Zhongyi Ye , Weitai Zhang , Quan Liu , Si Wei , Cong Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly advance, we introduce Hunyuan-TurboS, a novel large hybrid Transformer-Mamba Mixture of Experts (MoE) model. It synergistically combines Mamba's long-sequence processing efficiency with Transformer's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Tencent Hunyuan Team , Ao Liu , Botong Zhou , Can Xu , Chayse Zhou , ChenChen Zhang , Chengcheng Xu , Chenhao Wang , Decheng Wu , Dengpeng Wu , Dian Jiao , Dong Du , Dong Wang , Feng Zhang , Fengzong Lian , Guanghui Xu , Guanwei Zhang , Hai Wang , Haipeng Luo , Han Hu , Huilin Xu , Jiajia Wu , Jianchen Zhu , Jianfeng Yan , Jiaqi Zhu , Jihong Zhang , Jinbao Xue , Jun Xia , Junqiang Zheng , Kai Liu , Kai Zhang , Kai Zheng , Kejiao Li , Keyao Wang , Lan Jiang , Lixin Liu , Lulu Wu , Mengyuan Huang , Peijie Yu , Peiqi Wang , Qian Wang , Qianbiao Xiang , Qibin Liu , Qingfeng Sun , Richard Guo , Ruobing Xie , Saiyong Yang , Shaohua Chen , Shihui Hu , Shuai Li , Shuaipeng Li , Shuang Chen , Suncong Zheng , Tao Yang , Tian Zhang , Tinghao Yu , Weidong Han , Weijie Liu , Weijin Zhou , Weikang Wang , Wesleye Chen , Xiao Feng , Xiaoqin Ren , Xingwu Sun , Xiong Kuang , Xuemeng Huang , Xun Cao , Yanfeng Chen , Yang Du , Zhen Yang , Yangyu Tao , Yaping Deng , Yi Shen , Yigeng Hong , Yiqi Chen , Yiqing Huang , Yuchi Deng , Yue Mao , Yulong Wang , Yuyuan Zeng , Zenan Xu , Zhanhui Kang , Zhe Zhao , ZhenXiang Yan , Zheng Fang , Zhichao Hu , Zhongzhi Chen , Zhuoyu Li , Zongwei Li , Alex Yan , Ande Liang , Baitong Liu , Beiping Pan , Bin Xing , Binghong Wu , Bingxin Qu , Bolin Ni , Boyu Wu , Chen Li , Cheng Jiang , Cheng Zhang , Chengjun Liu , Chengxu Yang , Chengzhong Xu , Chiyu Wang , Chong Zha , Daisy Yi , Di Wang , Fanyang Lu , Fei Chen , Feifei Liu , Feng Zheng , Guanghua Yu , Guiyang Li , Guohua Wang , Haisheng Lin , Han Liu , Han Wang , Hao Fei , Hao Lu , Haoqing Jiang , Haoran Sun , Haotian Zhu , Huangjin Dai , Huankui Chen , Huawen Feng , Huihui Cai , Huxin Peng , Jackson Lv , Jiacheng Shi , Jiahao Bu , Jianbo Li , Jianglu Hu , Jiangtao Guan , Jianing Xu , Jianwei Cai , Jiarong Zhang , Jiawei Song , Jie Jiang , Jie Liu , Jieneng Yang , Jihong Zhang , Jin lv , Jing Zhao , Jinjian Li , Jinxing Liu , Jun Zhao , Juntao Guo , Kai Wang , Kan Wu , Lei Fu , Lei He , Lei Wang , Li Liu , Liang Dong , Liya Zhan , Long Cheng , Long Xu , Mao Zheng , Meng Liu , Mengkang Hu , Nanli Chen , Peirui Chen , Peng He , Pengju Pan , Pengzhi Wei , Qi Yang , Qi Yi , Roberts Wang , Rongpeng Chen , Rui Sun , Rui Yang , Ruibin Chen , Ruixu Zhou , Shaofeng Zhang , Sheng Zhang , Shihao Xu , Shuaishuai Chang , Shulin Liu , SiQi Wang , Songjia Feng , Songling Yuan , Tao Zhang , Tianjiao Lang , Tongkai Li , Wei Deng , Wei Li , Weichao Wang , Weigang Zhang , Weixuan Sun , Wen Ouyang , Wenxiang Jiao , Wenzhi Sun , Wenzhuo Jia , Xiang Zhang , Xiangyu He , Xianshun Ren , XiaoYing Zhu , Xiaolong Guo , Xiaoxue Li , Xiaoyu Ma , Xican Lu , Xinhua Feng , Xinting Huang , Xinyu Guan , Xirui Li , Xu Zhang , Xudong Gao , Xun Luo , Xuxiang Qi , Yangkun Chen , Yangyu Tao , Yanling Xiao , Yantao Mai , Yanze Chen , Yao Ding , Yeting Yang , YiFan Song , Yifan Yang , Yijiao Zhu , Yinhe Wu , Yixian Liu , Yong Yang , Yuanjun Cai , Yuanlin Tu , Yue Zhang , Yufei Huang , Yuhang Zhou , Yuhao Jiang , Yuhong Liu , Yuhui Hu , Yujin Lin , Yun Yang , Yunhao Wang , Yusong Zhang , Zekun Wu , Zelong Zhang , Zhan Yu , Zhaoliang Yang , Zhe Zhao , Zheng Li , Zhenyu Huang , Zhiguang Liu , Zhijiang Xu , Zhiqing Kui , Zhiyin Zeng , Zhiyuan Xiong , Zhuo Han , Zifan Wu , Zigang Geng , Zilong Zhao , Ziyan Tang , Ziyuan Zhu , Zonglei Zhu , Zhijiang Xu

Neural theorem proving has advanced rapidly in the past year, reaching IMO gold-medalist capabilities and producing formal proofs that span thousands of lines. Although such proofs are mechanically verified by formal systems like Lean,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Alex Gu , Bartosz Piotrowski , Fabian Gloeckle , Kaiyu Yang , Aram H. Markosyan

We perform a thorough analysis of the formal and informal statements in the miniF2F benchmark from the perspective of an AI system that is tasked to participate in a math Olympiad consisting of the problems in miniF2F. In such setting, the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Azim Ospanov , Farzan Farnia , Roozbeh Yousefzadeh

Recent progress in formal theorem proving has benefited from large-scale proof generation and verifier-aware training, but agentic proving is rarely integrated into prover training, appearing only at inference time. We present OProver, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 David Ma , Kaijing Ma , Shawn Guo , Yunfeng Shi , Enduo Zhao , Jiajun Shi , Zhaoxiang Zhang , Gavin Cheung , Jiaheng Liu , Zili Wang

We introduce LeanConjecturer, a pipeline for automatically generating university-level mathematical conjectures in Lean 4 using Large Language Models (LLMs). Our hybrid approach combines rule-based context extraction with LLM-based theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Naoto Onda , Kazumi Kasaura , Yuta Oriike , Masaya Taniguchi , Akiyoshi Sannai , Sho Sonoda

The combination of verifiable languages and LLMs has significantly influenced both the mathematical and computer science communities because it provides a rigorous foundation for theorem proving. Recent advancements in the field provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Hanning Zhang , Ruida Wang , Rui Pan , Wenyuan Wang , Bingxu Meng , Tong Zhang

Using AI to write formal proofs for mathematical problems is a challenging task that has seen some advancements in recent years. Automated systems such as Lean can verify the correctness of proofs written in formal language, yet writing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao , Azim Ospanov

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) in formal languages remains a formidable challenge in AI, demanding rigorous logical deduction and navigating vast search spaces. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Zhenwen Liang , Linfeng Song , Yang Li , Tao Yang , Feng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu
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