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This paper presents an improved system based on our prior work, designed to create explanations for autonomous robot actions during Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Previously, we developed a system that used Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

This study investigates the elicitation of empathy toward a third party through interaction with social agents. Participants engaged with either a physical robot or a voice-enabled chatbot, both driven by a large language model (LLM)…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Liza Darwesh , Jaspreet Singh , Marin Marian , Eduard Alexa , Koen Hindriks , Kim Baraka

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into robotic systems, their potential to generate socially and culturally appropriate affective touch remains largely unexplored. This study investigates whether…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Qiaoqiao Ren , Tony Belpaeme

In human-robot interaction (HRI), the beginning of an interaction is often complex. Whether the robot should communicate with the human is dependent on several situational factors (e.g., the current human's activity, urgency of the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Kazuhiro Sasabuchi , Naoki Wake , Atsushi Kanehira , Jun Takamatsu , Katsushi Ikeuchi

This paper explores the integration of human-like emotions and ethical considerations into Large Language Models (LLMs). We first model eight fundamental human emotions, presented as opposing pairs, and employ collaborative LLMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Edward Y. Chang

With the development of speech large language models (speech LLMs), users can now interact directly with assistants via speech. However, most existing models only convert response content into speech without fully capturing the rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Haoyu Wang , Guangyan Zhang , Jiale Chen , Jingyu Li , Yuehai Wang , Yiwen Guo

Advances in large language models (LLMs) are profoundly reshaping the field of human-robot interaction (HRI). While prior work has highlighted the technical potential of LLMs, few studies have systematically examined their human-centered…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Yufeng Wang , Yuan Xu , Anastasia Nikolova , Yuxuan Wang , Jianyu Wang , Chongyang Wang , Xin Tong

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has gained tremendous attention over the past year. Previous studies have shown the astonishing performance of LLMs not only in other tasks but also in emotion recognition in terms of accuracy,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Liyizhe Peng , Zixing Zhang , Tao Pang , Jing Han , Huan Zhao , Hao Chen , Björn W. Schuller

Natural-language dialog is key for intuitive human-robot interaction. It can be used not only to express humans' intents, but also to communicate instructions for improvement if a robot does not understand a command correctly. Of great…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Leonard Bärmann , Rainer Kartmann , Fabian Peller-Konrad , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel , Tamim Asfour

Being able to recognize emotions in human users is considered a highly desirable trait in Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) scenarios. However, most contemporary approaches rarely attempt to apply recognized emotional features in an active…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Nikhil Churamani , Alexander Sutherland , Pablo Barros

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various information-seeking and reasoning tasks. These computational systems drive state-of-the-art dialogue systems, such as ChatGPT and Bard. They also carry…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Siyuan Brandon Loh , Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar

This paper explores enhancing empathy in Large Language Models (LLMs) by integrating them with physiological data. We propose a physiological computing approach that includes developing deep learning models that use physiological data for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-25 Poorvesh Dongre , Majid Behravan , Kunal Gupta , Mark Billinghurst , Denis Gračanin

Virtual and robotic agents capable of perceiving human empathy have the potential to participate in engaging and meaningful human-machine interactions that support human well-being. Prior research in computational empathy has focused on…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Leena Mathur , Micol Spitale , Hao Xi , Jieyun Li , Maja J Matarić

The high request for autonomous and flexible HRI implies the necessity of deploying Machine Learning (ML) mechanisms in the robot control. Indeed, the use of ML techniques, such as Reinforcement Learning (RL), makes the robot behaviour,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Marco Matarese , Silvia Rossi , Alessandra Sciutti , Francesco Rea

Empathy is essential for fostering natural interactions in spoken dialogue systems, as it enables machines to recognize the emotional tone of human speech and deliver empathetic responses. Recent research has made significant progress in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yun Hong , Yan Zhou , Yang Feng

Human emotions are expressed through multiple modalities, including verbal and non-verbal information. Moreover, the affective states of human users can be the indicator for the level of engagement and successful interaction, suitable for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Baijun Xie , Chung Hyuk Park

We present a novel framework for designing emotionally agile robots with dynamic personalities and memory-based learning, with the aim of performing adaptive and non-deterministic interactions with humans while conforming to shared social…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Cheng Tang , Chao Tang , Steven Gong , Thomas M. Kwok , Yue Hu

Large language models (LLMs) and their variants have shown extraordinary efficacy across numerous downstream natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which has presented a new vision for the development of NLP. Despite their remarkable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Yazhou Zhang , Mengyao Wang , Youxi Wu , Prayag Tiwari , Qiuchi Li , Benyou Wang , Jing Qin

Emotion expressions serve as important communicative signals and are crucial cues in intuitive interactions between humans. Hence, it is essential to include these fundamentals in robotic behavior strategies when interacting with humans to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Thorsten Hempel , Laslo Dinges , Ayoub Al-Hamadi

With generative AI advancing, empathy in human-AI interaction is essential. While prior work focuses on emotional reflection, emotional exploration, key to deeper engagement, remains overlooked. Existing LLMs rely on text which captures…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-12 Jing-Han Chen , Bo-Hao Su , Ya-Tse Wu , Chi-Chun Lee