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We present Speculative Rollout with Tree-Structured Cache (SRT), a simple, model-free approach to accelerate on-policy reinforcement learning (RL) for language models without sacrificing distributional correctness. SRT exploits the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Chi-Chih Chang , Siqi Zhu , Zhichen Zeng , Haibin Lin , Jiaxuan You , Mohamed S. Abdelfattah , Ziheng Jiang , Xuehai Qian

We consider the problem of providing valid inference for a selected parameter in a sparse regression setting. It is well known that classical regression tools can be unreliable in this context due to the bias generated in the selection…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-07 Daniel G. Rasines , G. Alastair Young

To obtain a probabilistic model for a dependent variable based on some set of explanatory variables, a distributional approach is often adopted where the parameters of the distribution are linked to regressors. In many classical models this…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-14 Lisa Schlosser , Torsten Hothorn , Reto Stauffer , Achim Zeileis

We consider inference from non-random samples in data-rich settings where high-dimensional auxiliary information is available both in the sample and the target population, with survey inference being a special case. We propose a regularized…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-04-13 Yutao Liu , Andrew Gelman , Qixuan Chen

We present a detailed analysis of the class of regression decision tree algorithms which employ a regulized piecewise-linear node-splitting criterion and have regularized linear models at the leaves. From a theoretic standpoint, based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Leonidas Lefakis , Oleksandr Zadorozhnyi , Gilles Blanchard

To improve the uncertainty quantification of variance networks, we propose a novel tree-structured local neural network model that partitions the feature space into multiple regions based on uncertainty heterogeneity. A tree is built upon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Wenxuan Ma , Xing Yan , Kun Zhang

The tree-based ensembles are known for their outstanding performance in classification and regression problems characterized by feature vectors represented by mixed-type variables from various ranges and domains. However, considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Patryk Wielopolski , Maciej Zięba

The Distributional Random Forest (DRF) is a recently introduced Random Forest algorithm to estimate multivariate conditional distributions. Due to its general estimation procedure, it can be employed to estimate a wide range of targets such…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-20 Jeffrey Näf , Corinne Emmenegger , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen

RNN models have achieved the state-of-the-art performance in a wide range of text mining tasks. However, these models are often regarded as black-boxes and are criticized due to the lack of interpretability. In this paper, we enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-28 Mengnan Du , Ninghao Liu , Fan Yang , Shuiwang Ji , Xia Hu

Using ensemble methods for regression has been a large success in obtaining high-accuracy prediction. Examples are Bagging, Random forest, Boosting, BART (Bayesian additive regression tree), and their variants. In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Yuhao Su , Jie Ding

Top-down induction of decision trees has been observed to suffer from the inadequate functioning of the pruning phase. In particular, it is known that the size of the resulting tree grows linearly with the sample size, even though the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-06-06 T. Elomaa , M. Kaariainen

Tackling simulation optimization problems with non-convex objective functions remains a fundamental challenge in operations research. In this paper, we propose a class of random search algorithms, called Regular Tree Search, which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-24 Du-Yi Wang , Guo Liang , Guangwu Liu , Kun Zhang

Regression forests have long delivered state-of-the-art accuracy, often outperforming regression trees and even neural networks, but they suffer from limited interpretability as ensemble methods. In this work, we revisit forest pruning, an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-10 Albert Dorador

We study nonlinear regression of real valued data in an individual sequence manner, where we provide results that are guaranteed to hold without any statistical assumptions. We address the convergence and undertraining issues of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-10-08 N. Denizcan Vanli , Muhammed O. Sayin , Suleyman S. Kozat

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are increasingly prevalent in education research, and are often regarded as a gold standard of causal inference. Two main virtues of randomized experiments are that they (1) do not suffer from…

Decision trees and their ensembles are popular in machine learning as easy-to-understand models. Several techniques have been proposed in the literature for learning tree-based classifiers, with different techniques working well for data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Maria-Florina Balcan , Dravyansh Sharma

Diffusion models trained on different, non-overlapping subsets of a dataset often produce strikingly similar outputs when given the same noise seed. We trace this consistency to a simple linear effect: the shared Gaussian statistics across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Binxu Wang , Jacob Zavatone-Veth , Cengiz Pehlevan

The problem of subgroups is ubiquitous in scientific research (ex. disease heterogeneity, spatial distributions in ecology...), and piecewise regression is one way to deal with this phenomenon. Morse-Smale regression offers a way to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-08-22 Colleen M. Farrelly

This paper describes a methodology for automated univariate time series forecasting using regression trees and their ensembles: bagging and random forests. The key aspects that are addressed are: the use of an autoregressive approach and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Francisco Martínez , María P. Frías

Sparse linear regression is one of the classic problems in the field of statistics, which has deep connections and high intersections with optimization, computation, and machine learning. To address the effective handling of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-04 Peili Li , Zhuomei Li , Yunhai Xiao , Chao Ying , Zhou Yu