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The EM algorithm is a powerful tool for maximum likelihood estimation with missing data. In practice, the calculations required for the EM algorithm are often intractable. We review numerous methods to circumvent this intractability, all of…

Computation · Statistics 2024-01-03 William Ruth

The EM-algorithm is a general procedure to get maximum likelihood estimates if part of the observations on the variables of a network are missing. In this paper a stochastic version of the algorithm is adapted to probabilistic neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-26 Gerhard Paass

Parameter estimation in logistic regression is a well-studied problem with the Newton-Raphson method being one of the most prominent optimization techniques used in practice. A number of monotone optimization methods including…

Computation · Statistics 2023-04-11 Nicholas C. Henderson , Zhongzhe Ouyang

We develop a general framework for proving rigorous guarantees on the performance of the EM algorithm and a variant known as gradient EM. Our analysis is divided into two parts: a treatment of these algorithms at the population level (in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Martin J. Wainwright , Bin Yu

Maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) and control variate estimators (CVE) have been used in conjunction with known information across sketching algorithms and applications in machine learning. We prove that under certain conditions in an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-05 Keegan Kang , Kerong Wang , Ding Zhang , Rameshwar Pratap , Bhisham Dev Verma , Benedict H. W. Wong

Mixture of linear regression is well studied in statistics and machine learning, where the data points are generated probabilistically using $k$ linear models. Algorithms like Expectation Maximization (EM) may be used to recover the ground…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Avishek Ghosh

Majorization-minimization algorithms consist of iteratively minimizing a majorizing surrogate of an objective function. Because of its simplicity and its wide applicability, this principle has been very popular in statistics and in signal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-09-11 Julien Mairal

Optimizing machine learning algorithms that are used to solve the objective function has been of great interest. Several approaches to optimize common algorithms, such as gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent, were explored. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Hilal AlQuabeh , Farha AlBreiki , Dilshod Azizov

Variable selection is fundamental to high-dimensional statistical modeling. Many variable selection techniques may be implemented by maximum penalized likelihood using various penalty functions. Optimizing the penalized likelihood function…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 David R. Hunter , Runze Li

A method that uses order statistics to construct multivariate distributions with fixed marginals and which utilizes a representation of the Bernstein copula in terms of a finite mixture distribution is proposed. Expectation-maximization…

Computation · Statistics 2014-01-16 Xiaoling Dou , Satoshi Kuriki , Gwo Dong Lin , Donald Richards

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative computational method to calculate the maximum likelihood estimators (MLEs) from the sample data. It converts a complicated one-time calculation for the MLE of the incomplete data…

Computation · Statistics 2016-08-08 Lingyao Meng

In this paper, different strands of literature are combined in order to obtain algorithms for semi-parametric estimation of discrete choice models that include the modelling of unobserved heterogeneity by using mixing distributions for the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-12 Dietmar Bauer , Sebastian Büscher , Manuel Batram

In this paper, a long-term survival model under competing risks is considered. The unobserved number of competing risks is assumed to follow a negative binomial distribution that can capture both over- and under-dispersion. Considering the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-22 Suvra Pal

The Expectation Maximisation (EM) algorithm is widely used to optimise non-convex likelihood functions with latent variables. Many authors modified its simple design to fit more specific situations. For instance, the Expectation (E) step…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-03 Thomas Lartigue , Stanley Durrleman , Stéphanie Allassonnière

We propose a general method for optimization with semi-infinite constraints that involve a linear combination of functions, focusing on the case of the exponential function. Each function is lower and upper bounded on sub-intervals by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-01-13 Bogdan Dumitrescu , Bogdan C. Sicleru , Florin Avram

We investigate the convergence properties of the EM algorithm when applied to overspecified Gaussian mixture models -- that is, when the number of components in the fitted model exceeds that of the true underlying distribution. Focusing on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-16 Zhenisbek Assylbekov , Alan Legg , Artur Pak

MM (majorization--minimization) algorithms are an increasingly popular tool for solving optimization problems in machine learning and statistical estimation. This article introduces the MM algorithm framework in general and via three…

Computation · Statistics 2016-11-16 Hien D. Nguyen

Variance components estimation and mixed model analysis are central themes in statistics with applications in numerous scientific disciplines. Despite the best efforts of generations of statisticians and numerical analysts, maximum…

Computation · Statistics 2015-09-25 Hua Zhou , Liuyi Hu , Jin Zhou , Kenneth Lange

Finite mixture models are powerful tools for modelling and analyzing heterogeneous data. Parameter estimation is typically carried out using maximum likelihood estimation via the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm. Recently, the…

Computation · Statistics 2020-05-15 Sharon X. Lee , Geoffrey J. McLachlan , Kaleb L. Leemaqz

We propose a communication- and computation-efficient distributed optimization algorithm using second-order information for solving ERM problems with a nonsmooth regularization term. Current second-order and quasi-Newton methods for this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Ching-pei Lee , Cong Han Lim , Stephen J. Wright