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Legal research is a crucial task in the practice of law. It requires intense human effort and intellectual prudence to research a legal case and prepare arguments. Recent boom in generative AI has not translated to proportionate rise in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Sudipto Ghosh , Devanshu Verma , Balaji Ganesan , Purnima Bindal , Vikas Kumar , Vasudha Bhatnagar

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being adopted in most industries, and for applications such as note taking and checking grammar, there is typically not a cause for concern. However, when constitutional rights are involved, as…

The rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) is shifting semantic search toward a question-answering paradigm, where users ask questions and LLMs generate responses. In high-stake domains such as law, retrieval-augmented generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Souvick Das , Sallam Abualhaija , Domenico Bianculli

This paper introduces the Legal Intelligence and Client Engagement System (LICES), a novel architecture designed to redefine legal consultation services through the systematic integration of advanced artificial intelligence, natural…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Sean Kalaycioglu , Bob Liu , Colin Hong , Haipeng Xie

The proliferation of agentic artificial intelligence systems--characterized by autonomous goal-seeking, tool use, and multi-agent coordination--presents unprecedented challenges to existing legal and financial regulatory frameworks. While…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Marcel Osmond

The justice system has increasingly employed AI techniques to enhance efficiency, yet limitations remain in improving the quality of decision-making, particularly regarding transparency and explainability needed to uphold public trust in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Cong Jiang , Xiaolei Yang

The field of AI is undergoing a fundamental transition from generative models that can produce synthetic content to artificial agents that can plan and execute complex tasks with only limited human involvement. Companies that pioneered the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Noam Kolt

Recent advancements in AI technology have seen researchers and industry professionals actively exploring the application of AI tools in legal workflows. Despite this prevailing trend, legal practitioners found that AI tools had limited…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Jiarui Guan , Ruishi Zou , Jiajun Zhang , Kimpan Xin , Bingsu He , Zhuhe Zhang , Chen Ye

In India, access to legal assistance for the general public has been observed to have a critical gap, as many citizens are not able to take full advantage of their legal rights due to limited access and awareness of apposite legal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Jatin Gupta , Akhil Sharma , Saransh Singhania , Ali Imam Abidi

In recent years many novel applications have appeared that promote the provision of services and activities in a collaborative manner. The key idea behind such systems is to take advantage of idle or underused capacities of existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-24 Holger Billhardt , José-Antonio Santos , Alberto Fernández , Mar Moreno , Sascha Ossowski , José A. Rodríguez

With the rapid advancement of AI, software engineering increasingly relies on AI-driven approaches, particularly language models (LMs), to enhance code performance. However, the trustworthiness and reliability of LMs remain significant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Jingzhi Gong

Legal AI systems powered by retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) face a critical accountability challenge: when an AI assistant cites case law, statutes, or contractual clauses, practitioners need verifiable guarantees that generated text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Valentin Noël , Elimane Yassine Seidou , Charly Ken Capo-Chichi , Ghanem Amari

This study evaluates the performance of general-purpose AI, like ChatGPT, in legal question-answering tasks, highlighting significant risks to legal professionals and clients. It suggests leveraging foundational models enhanced by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Rohan Bhambhoria , Samuel Dahan , Jonathan Li , Xiaodan Zhu

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are getting ubiquitous within our society, issues related to its fairness, accountability, and transparency are increasing rapidly. As a result, researchers are integrating humans with AI systems to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Nikhil Prakash , Kory W. Mathewson

There is still a significant gap between expectations and the successful adoption of AI to innovate and improve businesses. Due to the emergence of deep learning, AI adoption is more complex as it often incorporates big data and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Dian Tjondronegoro , Elizabeth Yuwono , Brent Richards , Damian Green , Siiri Hatakka

This article provides a necessary corrective to the belief that current legal and political concepts and institutions are capable of holding to account the power of new AI technologies. Drawing on jurisprudential analysis, it argues that…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Scott Veitch

This article reports the results of a study examining the ability of legal and non-legal Large Language Models to perform legal analysis using the Issue-Rule-Application-Conclusion framework. LLMs were tested on legal reasoning tasks…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Lee Peoples

As the legal community increasingly examines the use of large language models (LLMs) for various legal applications, legal AI developers have turned to retrieval-augmented LLMs ("RAG" systems) to improve system performance and robustness.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lucia Zheng , Neel Guha , Javokhir Arifov , Sarah Zhang , Michal Skreta , Christopher D. Manning , Peter Henderson , Daniel E. Ho

AI systems have found a wide range of application areas in financial services. Their involvement in broader and increasingly critical decisions has escalated the need for compliance and effective model governance. Current governance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Eren Kurshan , Hongda Shen , Jiahao Chen

Most of our AI governance efforts focus on substance: what rules do we want in place? What limits or checks do we want to impose on AI development and deployment? But a key role for law is not only to establish substantive rules but also to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Gillian K. Hadfield