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Rectified Linear Units (ReLUs) have been shown to ameliorate the vanishing gradient problem, allow for efficient backpropagation, and empirically promote sparsity in the learned parameters. They have led to state-of-the-art results in a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Xingyuan Pan , Vivek Srikumar

In recent years novel activation functions have been proposed to improve the performance of neural networks, and they show superior performance compared to the ReLU counterpart. However, there are environments, where the availability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Ákos Utasi

Rectified linear units (ReLU) are commonly used in deep neural networks. So far ReLU and its generalizations (non-parametric or parametric) are static, performing identically for all input samples. In this paper, we propose dynamic ReLU…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Yinpeng Chen , Xiyang Dai , Mengchen Liu , Dongdong Chen , Lu Yuan , Zicheng Liu

Recently, much attention has been devoted to finding highly efficient and powerful activation functions for CNN layers. Because activation functions inject different nonlinearities between layers that affect performance, varying them is one…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Loris Nanni , Gianluca Maguolo , Sheryl Brahnam , Michelangelo Paci

Despite the unresolved 'dying ReLU problem', the classical ReLU activation function (AF) has been extensively applied in Deep Neural Networks (DNN), in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), for image classification. The common…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Stamatis Mastromichalakis

There has been a growing interest in expressivity of deep neural networks. However, most of the existing work about this topic focuses only on the specific activation function such as ReLU or sigmoid. In this paper, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-24 Ilsang Ohn , Yongdai Kim

In this paper, we construct neural networks with ReLU, sine and $2^x$ as activation functions. For general continuous $f$ defined on $[0,1]^d$ with continuity modulus $\omega_f(\cdot)$, we construct ReLU-sine-$2^x$ networks that enjoy an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Yuling Jiao , Yanming Lai , Xiliang Lu , Fengru Wang , Jerry Zhijian Yang , Yuanyuan Yang

The choice of activation function in deep networks has a significant effect on the training dynamics and task performance. At present, the most effective and widely-used activation function is ReLU. However, because of the non-zero mean,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-03 Yuan Zhou , Dandan Li , Shuwei Huo , Sun-Yuan Kung

It is well-known that overparametrized neural networks trained using gradient-based methods quickly achieve small training error with appropriate hyperparameter settings. Recent papers have proved this statement theoretically for highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-13 Abhishek Panigrahi , Abhishek Shetty , Navin Goyal

Modern neural networks rely on generic activation functions (ReLU, GELU, SiLU) that ignore the mathematical structure inherent in scientific data. We propose Neuro-Symbolic Activation Discovery, a framework that uses Genetic Programming to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Anas Hajbi

In this paper, we consider robust nonparametric regression using deep neural networks with ReLU activation function. While several existing theoretically justified methods are geared towards robustness against identical heavy-tailed noise…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-01 Juntong Chen

Deep learning models are crucial for autonomous vehicle perception, but their reliability is challenged by algorithmic limitations and hardware faults. We address the latter by examining fault-tolerance in semantic segmentation models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Leonardo Iurada , Niccolò Cavagnero , Fernando Fernandes Dos Santos , Giuseppe Averta , Paolo Rech , Tatiana Tommasi

Activation functions are non-linearities in neural networks that allow them to learn complex mapping between inputs and outputs. Typical choices for activation functions are ReLU, Tanh, Sigmoid etc., where the choice generally depends on…

Inducing and leveraging sparse activations during training and inference is a promising avenue for improving the computational efficiency of deep networks, which is increasingly important as network sizes continue to grow and their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Ilan Price , Nicholas Daultry Ball , Samuel C. H. Lam , Adam C. Jones , Jared Tanner

Rectified Linear Units (ReLU) seem to have displaced traditional 'smooth' nonlinearities as activation-function-du-jour in many - but not all - deep neural network (DNN) applications. However, nobody seems to know why. In this article, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Andrew J. R. Simpson

Activation functions are fundamental for enabling nonlinear representations in deep neural networks. However, the standard rectified linear unit (ReLU) often suffers from inactive or "dead" neurons caused by its hard zero cutoff. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Md Motaleb Hossen Manik , Md Zabirul Islam , Ge Wang

Activation functions (AFs) play a pivotal role in the performance of neural networks. The Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) is currently the most commonly used AF. Several replacements to ReLU have been suggested but improvements have proven…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Raz Lapid , Moshe Sipper

Exponential Linear Units (ELUs) are a useful rectifier for constructing deep learning architectures, as they may speed up and otherwise improve learning by virtue of not have vanishing gradients and by having mean activations near zero.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-26 Jonathan T. Barron

In the era of Deep Neural Network based solutions for a variety of real-life tasks, having a compact and energy-efficient deployable model has become fairly important. Most of the existing deep architectures use Rectifier Linear Unit (ReLU)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Nancy Nayak , Sheetal Kalyani

SWIN transformer is a prominent vision transformer model that has state-of-the-art accuracy in image classification tasks. Despite this success, its unique architecture causes slower inference compared with similar deep neural networks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Mohammadreza Tayaranian , Seyyed Hasan Mozafari , James J. Clark , Brett Meyer , Warren Gross