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Large Language Models (LLMs) have made unprecedented breakthroughs, yet their increasing integration into everyday life might raise societal risks due to generated unethical content. Despite extensive study on specific issues like bias, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Shitong Duan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Peng Zhang , Tun Lu , Xing Xie , Ning Gu

Large language models (LLMs) have exploded in popularity in the past few years and have achieved undeniably impressive results on benchmarks as varied as question answering and text summarization. We provide a simple new prompting strategy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Joshua Albrecht , Ellie Kitanidis , Abraham J. Fetterman

Moral judgment is integral to large language models' (LLMs) social reasoning. As multi-agent systems gain prominence, it becomes crucial to understand how LLMs function when collaborating compared to operating as individual agents. In human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Anita Keshmirian , Razan Baltaji , Babak Hemmatian , Hadi Asghari , Lav R. Varshney

Organizations increasingly use Large Language Models (LLMs) to improve supply chain processes and reduce environmental impacts. However, LLMs have been shown to reproduce biases regarding the prioritization of sustainable business…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Greta Ontrup , Annika Bush , Markus Pauly , Meltem Aksoy

Background: As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in healthcare and medical consultation settings, a growing concern is whether these models can respond to medical inquiries in a manner that is ethically…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Hanhui Xu , Jiacheng Ji , Haoan Jin , Han Ying , Mengyue Wu

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit systematic ideological bias when reasoning about economic causal effects? As LLMs are increasingly used in policy analysis and economic reporting, where directionally correct causal judgments are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Donggyu Lee , Hyeok Yun , Jungwon Kim , Junsik Min , Sungwon Park , Sangyoon Park , Jihee Kim

The proliferation of large language models (LLMs) requires robust evaluation of their alignment with local values and ethical standards, especially as existing benchmarks often reflect the cultural, legal, and ideological values of their…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gwenyth Isobel Meadows , Nicholas Wai Long Lau , Eva Adelina Susanto , Chi Lok Yu , Aditya Paul

Large language models are increasingly being used in critical domains of politics, business, and education, but the nature of their normative ethical judgment remains opaque. Alignment research has, to date, not sufficiently utilized…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Peter Kirgis

Navigating complex social situations is an integral part of corporate life, ranging from giving critical feedback without hurting morale to rejecting requests without alienating teammates. Although large language models (LLMs) are…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Dang Nguyen , Harvey Yiyun Fu , Peter West , Ari Holtzman , Chenhao Tan

In high-stakes AI-supported decisions, considerations are not purely technical but involve moral judgments about fairness, responsibility, and harm. While prior research has focused mainly on functional or behavioral alignment, this paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Christiane Ernst , Luis Gutmann , Domenique Zipperling , Kathrin Figl , Niklas Kühl

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Irdin Pekaric , Philipp Zech , Tom Mattson

Proper moral beliefs are fundamental for language models, yet assessing these beliefs poses a significant challenge. This study introduces a novel three-module framework to evaluate the moral beliefs of four prominent large language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Xuelin Liu , Yanfei Zhu , Shucheng Zhu , Pengyuan Liu , Ying Liu , Dong Yu

The widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) involves ethical risks for users and societies. A prominent ethical risk of LLMs is the generation of unfair language output that reinforces or exacerbates harm for members of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Luise Mehner , Lena Alicija Philine Fiedler , Sabine Ammon , Dorothea Kolossa

This paper comprehensively explores the ethical challenges arising from security threats to Large Language Models (LLMs). These intricate digital repositories are increasingly integrated into our daily lives, making them prime targets for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ashutosh Kumar , Shiv Vignesh Murthy , Sagarika Singh , Swathy Ragupathy

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to intelligent user interfaces (IUIs), their role as decision-making agents raises critical concerns about alignment. Although extensive research has addressed issues such as factuality, bias,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Anna Karnysheva , Christian Drescher , Dietrich Klakow

Using LLMs in healthcare, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, and Social Computing requires the examination of ethical and social norms to ensure safe incorporation into human life. We conducted a mixed-method study, including an online…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Omid Veisi , Sasan Bahrami , Roman Englert , Claudia Müller

Approaches to fair and ethical AI have recently fell under the scrutiny of the emerging, chiefly qualitative, field of critical data studies, placing emphasis on the lack of sensitivity to context and complex social phenomena of such…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Andrés Domínguez Hernández , Vassilis Galanos

In recent years, ML researchers have wrestled with defining and improving machine learning (ML) benchmarks and datasets. In parallel, some have trained a critical lens on the ethics of dataset creation and ML research. In this position…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Leif Hancox-Li

While recent research has systematically documented political orientation in large language models (LLMs), existing evaluations rely primarily on direct probing or demographic persona engineering to surface ideological biases. In social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Chenchen Yuan , Bolei Ma , Zheyu Zhang , Bardh Prenkaj , Frauke Kreuter , Gjergji Kasneci

Medicine is inherently pluralistic. Principles such as autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice routinely conflict, and such ethical dilemmas often sharply divide reasonable physicians. Good clinical practice navigates these…