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Though recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable progress across a wide range of multimodal tasks, understanding 3D spatial relationships from limited views remains a significant challenge. Previous reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Zhangquan Chen , Manyuan Zhang , Xinlei Yu , Xufang Luo , Mingze Sun , Zihao Pan , Xiang An , Yan Feng , Peng Pei , Xunliang Cai , Ruqi Huang

Recent advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced performance on 2D visual tasks. However, improving their spatial intelligence remains a challenge. Existing 3D MLLMs always rely on additional 3D or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Diankun Wu , Fangfu Liu , Yi-Hsin Hung , Yueqi Duan

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, requiring logical deduction, symbolic manipulation, and abstract thinking. Recent multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on geometry problems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yingji Zhang , Yong Dai , André Freitas

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing industries by enhancing efficiency, scalability, and innovation. This paper investigates the potential of LLMs in automating Computer-Aided Design (CAD) workflows, by integrating FreeCAD with…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Sumit Kumar , Sarthak Kapoor , Harsh Vardhan , Yao Zhao

Recent unified image generation models have achieved remarkable success by employing MLLMs for semantic understanding and diffusion backbones for image generation. However, these models remain fundamentally limited in spatially-aware tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Haiyi Qiu , Kaihang Pan , Jiacheng Li , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen rapid advancements in recent years, with models like ChatGPT and DeepSeek, showcasing their remarkable capabilities across diverse domains. While substantial research has been conducted on LLMs in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Licheng Zhang , Bach Le , Naveed Akhtar , Siew-Kei Lam , Tuan Ngo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities in text-based mathematical problem solving; however, when adapted to visual reasoning tasks, particularly geometric problem solving, their performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Nannan Shi , Chuanyu Qin , Shipeng Song , Man Luo

Despite the significant advancements in natural language processing capabilities demonstrated by large language models such as ChatGPT, their proficiency in comprehending and processing spatial information, especially within the domains of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 He Yan , Xinyao Hu , Xiangpeng Wan , Chengyu Huang , Kai Zou , Shiqi Xu

Unlocking spatial reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) is crucial for enabling intelligent interaction with 3D environments. While prior efforts often rely on explicit 3D inputs or specialized model architectures, we ask:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Fangrui Zhu , Hanhui Wang , Yiming Xie , Jing Gu , Tianye Ding , Jianwei Yang , Huaizu Jiang

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in semantic tasks, they frequently lack the "spatial sense" essential for sophisticated geometric reasoning. Current models typically suffer from exorbitant modality-alignment costs and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yi Zhang , Youya Xia , Yong Wang , Meng Song , Xin Wu , Wenjun Wan , Bingbing Liu , AiXue Ye , Hongbo Zhang , Feng Wen

Applying AI foundation models directly to geospatial datasets remains challenging due to their limited ability to represent and reason with geographical entities, specifically vector-based geometries and natural language descriptions of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yuhan Ji , Song Gao , Ying Nie , Ivan Majić , Krzysztof Janowicz

This paper aims to design a unified Computer-Aided Design (CAD) generation system that can easily generate CAD models based on the user's inputs in the form of textual description, images, point clouds, or even a combination of them.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Jingwei Xu , Chenyu Wang , Zibo Zhao , Wen Liu , Yi Ma , Shenghua Gao

Generative AI has transformed the fields of Design and Manufacturing by providing efficient and automated methods for generating and modifying 3D objects. One approach involves using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate Computer- Aided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Kamel Alrashedy , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Zulfiqar Zaidi , Megan Langwasser , Wei Xu , Matthew Gombolay

New era has unlocked exciting possibilities for extending Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle 3D vision-language tasks. However, most existing 3D multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) rely on compressing holistic 3D scene information or segmenting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Xiaoyan Wang , Zeju Li , Yifan Xu , Jiaxing Qi , Zhifei Yang , Ruifei Ma , Xiangde Liu , Chao Zhang

The advent of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) generative modeling will significantly transform the design of industrial products. The recent research endeavor has extended into the realm of Large Language Models (LLMs). In contrast to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xueyang Li , Jiahao Li , Yu Song , Yunzhong Lou , Xiangdong Zhou

3D spatial understanding is essential in real-world applications such as robotics, autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and medical imaging. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs), having demonstrated remarkable success across various…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Jirong Zha , Yuxuan Fan , Xiao Yang , Chen Gao , Xinlei Chen

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in general domains and demonstrated promise in multimodal mathematical reasoning. However, applying MLLMs to geometry problem solving (GPS)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Yicheng Pan , Zhenrong Zhang , Pengfei Hu , Jiefeng Ma , Jun Du , Jianshu Zhang , Quan Liu , Jianqing Gao , Feng Ma

Despite remarkable progress in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), these models still struggle with fine-grained understanding tasks. In this work, we propose Procedurally Generated Tasks (PGT), a simple data-driven framework that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Rim Assouel , Amir Bar , Michal Drozdzal , Adriana Romero-Soriano

Designing complex computer-aided design (CAD) models is often time-consuming due to challenges such as computational inefficiency and the difficulty of generating precise models. We propose a novel language-guided framework for industrial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jianxing Liao , Junyan Xu , Yatao Sun , Maowen Tang , Sicheng He , Jingxian Liao , Shui Yu , Yun Li , Hongguan Xiao

Recent advances in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced their capabilities; however, their spatial perception abilities remain a notable limitation. To address this challenge, multimodal data synthesis offers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yida Xue , Zhen Bi , Jinnan Yang , Jungang Lou , Kehai Chen , Min Zhang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang