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Recent advances in linguistic steganalysis have successively applied CNN, RNN, GNN and other efficient deep models for detecting secret information in generative texts. These methods tend to seek stronger feature extractors to achieve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Biao Yi , Hanzhou Wu , Guorui Feng , Xinpeng Zhang

Large language models are beginning to show steganographic capabilities. Such capabilities could allow misaligned models to evade oversight mechanisms. Yet principled methods to detect and quantify such behaviours are lacking. Classical…

Linguistic steganography involves embedding secret messages within seemingly innocuous texts to enable covert communication. Provable security, which is a long-standing goal and key motivation, has been extended to language-model-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyi Yan , Yugo Murawaki

Diffusion model-based generative image steganography (DM-GIS) is an emerging paradigm that leverages the generative power of diffusion models to conceal secret messages without requiring pre-existing cover images. In this paper, we identify…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jiahao Zhu , Zixuan Chen , Jiali Liu , Weiqi Luo , Yi Zhou , Xiaohua Xie

Most of the existing text generative steganographic methods are based on coding the conditional probability distribution of each word during the generation process, and then selecting specific words according to the secret information, so…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Zhongliang Yang , Baitao Gong , Yamin Li , Jinshuai Yang , Zhiwen Hu , Yongfeng Huang

An analysis of steganographic systems subject to the following perfect undetectability condition is presented in this paper. Following embedding of the message into the covertext, the resulting stegotext is required to have exactly the same…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Ying Wang , Pierre Moulin

Image steganography can hide information in a host image and obtain a stego image that is perceptually indistinguishable from the original one. This technique has tremendous potential in scenarios like copyright protection, information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Huayuan Ye , Shenzhuo Zhang , Shiqi Jiang , Jing Liao , Shuhang Gu , Dejun Zheng , Changbo Wang , Chenhui Li

The rapid proliferation of frontier model agents promises significant societal advances but also raises concerns about systemic risks arising from unsafe interactions. Collusion to the disadvantage of others has been identified as a central…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yohan Mathew , Ollie Matthews , Robert McCarthy , Joan Velja , Christian Schroeder de Witt , Dylan Cope , Nandi Schoots

Nowadays, social media has become the preferred communication platform for web users but brought security threats. Linguistic steganography hides secret data into text and sends it to the intended recipient to realize covert communication.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Xilong Wang , Yaofei Wang , Kejiang Chen , Jinyang Ding , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Fine-tuned LLMs can covertly encode prompt secrets into outputs via steganographic channels. Prior work demonstrated this threat but relied on trivially recoverable encodings. We formalize payload recoverability via classifier accuracy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Charles Westphal , Keivan Navaie , Fernando E. Rosas

Generating high-quality steganographic text is a fundamental challenge in the field of generative linguistic steganography. This challenge arises primarily from two aspects: firstly, the capabilities of existing models in text generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Yingquan Chen , Qianmu Li , Xiaocong Wu , Huifeng Li , Qing Chang

We propose a simple universal (that is, distribution--free) steganographic system in which covertexts with and without hidden texts are statistically indistinguishable. The stegosystem can be applied to any source generating i.i.d.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Boris Ryabko , Daniil Ryabko

With the popularity of the large language models (LLMs), text steganography has achieved remarkable performance. However, existing methods still have some issues: (1) For the white-box paradigm, this steganography behavior is prone to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jianxin Gao , Ruohan Lei , Wanli Peng

Generative steganography is the process of hiding secret messages in generated images instead of cover images. Existing studies on generative steganography use GAN or Flow models to obtain high hiding message capacity and anti-detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Daegyu Kim , Chaehun Shin , Jooyoung Choi , Dahuin Jung , Sungroh Yoon

Steganography is the art and science of hiding secret messages in public communication so that the presence of the secret messages cannot be detected. There are two distribution-preserving steganographic frameworks, one is sampling-based…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Kejiang Chen , Hang Zhou , Hanqing Zhao , Dongdong Chen , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Linguistic steganography (LS) aims to embed secret information into a highly encoded text for covert communication. It can be roughly divided to two main categories, i.e., modification based LS (MLS) and generation based LS (GLS). Unlike…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Tianyu Yang , Hanzhou Wu , Biao Yi , Guorui Feng , Xinpeng Zhang

Understanding and addressing potential safety alignment risks in large language models (LLMs) is critical for ensuring their safe and trustworthy deployment. In this paper, we highlight an insidious safety threat: a compromised LLM can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guangnian Wan , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

Whereas cryptography easily arouses attacks by means of encrypting a secret message into a suspicious form, steganography is advantageous for its resilience to attacks by concealing the message in an innocent-looking cover signal. Minimal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Kejiang Chen , Hang Zhou , Yaofei Wang , Menghan Li , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Contextual word representations generated by language models (LMs) learn spurious associations present in the training corpora. Recent findings reveal that adversaries can exploit these associations to reverse-engineer the private…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Geetanjali Bihani

Jailbreak attacks pose a serious threat to Large Language Models (LLMs) by bypassing their safety mechanisms. A truly advanced jailbreak is defined not only by its effectiveness but, more critically, by its stealthiness. However, existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Jianing Geng , Biao Yi , Zekun Fei , Ruiqi He , Lihai Nie , Tong Li , Zheli Liu