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The aim of the paper is to answer a long-standing open problem on the relationship between NP and BQP. The paper shows that BQP contains NP by proposing a BQP quantum algorithm for the MAX-E3-SAT problem which is a fundamental NP-hard…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Ahmed Younes , Jonathan E. Rowe

Satisfiability-based verification techniques, leveraging modern Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) solvers, have demonstrated efficacy in addressing practical problem instances within program analysis.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Markus Krahl , Matthias Güdemann , Stefan Wallentowitz

We advocate a new approach of addressing hidden structure problems and finding efficient quantum algorithms. We introduce and investigate the Hidden Symmetry Subgroup Problem (HSSP), which is a generalization of the well-studied Hidden…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-11 Thomas Decker , Gábor Ivanyos , Miklos Santha , Pawel Wocjan

In pursuit of a deeper understanding of Boolean Promise Constraint Satisfaction Problems (PCSPs), we identify a class of problems with restricted structural complexity, which could serve as a promising candidate for complete…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Katzper Michno

Ever since entanglement was identified as a computational and cryptographic resource, researchers have sought efficient ways to tell whether a given density matrix represents an unentangled, or separable, state. This paper gives the first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Lawrence M. Ioannou

While prior work established a verifier-based polynomial-time framework for NP, explicit deterministic machines for concrete NP-complete problems have remained elusive. In this paper, we construct fully specified deterministic Turing…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Changryeol Lee

NP-Complete problems have an important attribute that if one NP-Complete problem can be solved in polynomial time, all NP-Complete problems will have a polynomial solution. The 3-CNF-SAT problem is a NP-Complete problem and the primary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Belal Qasemi

Motivated by the application of Hall's Marriage Theorem in various LP-rounding problems, we introduce a generalization of the classical marriage problem (CMP) that we call the Fractional Marriage Problem. We show that the Fractional…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Jonathan Lenchner

The relationship between the complexity classes $P$ and $NP$ is an unsolved question in the field of theoretical computer science. In the first part of this paper, a lattice framework is proposed to handle the 3-CNF-SAT problems, known to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Marcel Rémon , Johan Barthélemy

The workflow satisfiability problem (WSP) asks whether there exists an assignment of authorized users to the steps in a workflow specification that satisfies the constraints in the specification. The problem is NP-hard in general, but…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-18 D. Cohen , J. Crampton , A. Gagarin , G. Gutin , M. Jones

The constraint satisfaction probem (CSP) is a well-acknowledged framework in which many combinatorial search problems can be naturally formulated. The CSP may be viewed as the problem of deciding the truth of a logical sentence consisting…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Hubie Chen

In this paper we explore fundamental concepts in computational complexity theory and the boundaries of algorithmic decidability. We examine the relationship between complexity classes \textbf{P} and \textbf{NP}, where $L \in \textbf{P}$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Duaa Abdullah , Jasem Hamoud

The problem 2-quantum-satisfiability (2-QSAT) is the generalisation of the 2-CNF-SAT problem to quantum bits, and is equivalent to determining whether or not a spin-1/2 Hamiltonian with two-body terms is frustration-free. Similarly to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-02 Niel de Beaudrap

Classical satisfiability (SAT) and quantum satisfiability (QSAT) are complete problems for the complexity classes NP and QMA which are believed to be intractable for classical and quantum computers, respectively. Statistical ensembles of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-07 Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , C. R. Laumann , S. L. Sondhi

Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT) and SAT solvers are critical components in many formal software tools, primarily due to the fact that they are able to easily solve logical problem instances with millions of variables and clauses. This…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Gereon Kremer , Erika Abraham , Vijay Ganesh

The computational complexity of the partition, 0-1 subset sum, unbounded subset sum, 0-1 knapsack and unbounded knapsack problems and their multiple variants were studied in numerous papers in the past where all the weights and profits were…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Dominik Wojtczak

While 3-SAT is NP-hard, 2-SAT is solvable in polynomial time. Austrin, Guruswami, and H\r{a}stad roved a result known as "$(2+\varepsilon)$-SAT is NP-hard" [FOCS'14/SICOMP'17]. They showed that the problem of distinguishing k-CNF formulas…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Alex Brandts , Marcin Wrochna , Stanislav Živný

We show that the NP complete problems MAX CUT and INDEPENDENT SET can be formulated as the 2-local Hamiltonian problem as defined by Kitaev. He introduced the quantum complexity class BQNP as the quantum analog of NP, and showed that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Wocjan , Thomas Beth

We initiate a systematic study of ${\sf TFZPP}$, the class of total ${\sf NP}$ search problems solvable by polynomial time randomized algorithms. ${\sf TFZPP}$ contains a variety of important search problems such as…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Noah Fleming , Stefan Grosser , Siddhartha Jain , Jiawei Li , Hanlin Ren , Morgan Shirley , Weiqiang Yuan

We introduce the NP-complete problem 3SAT_N and extend Tovey's results to a classification theorem for this problem. This theorem leads us to generalize the concept of truth assignments for SAT to aggressive truth assignments for 3SAT_N. We…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-11-12 Ruijia Liao