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Reconstructing perceived images from human brain activity forms a crucial link between human and machine learning through Brain-Computer Interfaces. Early methods primarily focused on training separate models for each individual to account…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Zhibo Tian , Ruijie Quan , Fan Ma , Kun Zhan , Yi Yang

We introduce UniToken, an auto-regressive generation model that encodes visual inputs through a combination of discrete and continuous representations, enabling seamless integration of unified visual understanding and image generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yang Jiao , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Jie , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

Decoding visual signals holds the tantalizing potential to unravel the complexities of cognition and perception. While recent studies have focused on reconstructing visual stimuli from neural recordings to bridge brain activity with visual…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zixiang Yin , Jiarui Li , Zhengming Ding

Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology enables direct communication between the brain and external devices through electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, existing decoding models often mix common and personalized components,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-21 Xiaoyuan Li , Xinru Xue , Bohan Zhang , Ye Sun , Shoushuo Xi , Gang Liu

Multimodal MRI provides complementary and clinically relevant information to probe tissue condition and to characterize various diseases. However, it is often difficult to acquire sufficiently many modalities from the same subject due to…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Xiaofeng Liu , Fangxu Xing , Georges El Fakhri , Jonghye Woo

Decoding visual information from human brain activity has seen remarkable advancements in recent research. However, the diversity in cortical parcellation and fMRI patterns across individuals has prompted the development of deep learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Guangyin Bao , Qi Zhang , Zixuan Gong , Jialei Zhou , Wei Fan , Kun Yi , Usman Naseem , Liang Hu , Duoqian Miao

In this work, we study the problem of cross-subject motor imagery (MI) decoding from electroencephalography (EEG) data. Multi-subject EEG datasets present several kinds of domain shifts due to various inter-individual differences (e.g.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-22 Georgios Zoumpourlis , Ioannis Patras

Cross-subject visual decoding aims to reconstruct visual experiences from brain activity across individuals, enabling more scalable and practical brain-computer interfaces. However, existing methods often suffer from degraded performance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shumeng Li , Jintao Guo , Jian Zhang , Yulin Zhou , Luyang Cao , Yinghuan Shi

Addressing the question of visualising human mind could help us to find regions that are associated with observed cognition and responsible for expressing the elusive mental image, leading to a better understanding of cognitive function.…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-02-11 Pan Wang , Rui Zhou , Shuo Wang , Ling Li , Wenjia Bai , Jialu Fan , Chunlin Li , Peter Childs , Yike Guo

Decoding natural visual scenes from brain activity has flourished, with extensive research in single-subject tasks and, however, less in cross-subject tasks. Reconstructing high-quality images in cross-subject tasks is a challenging problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zixuan Gong , Qi Zhang , Guangyin Bao , Lei Zhu , Ke Liu , Liang Hu , Duoqian Miao

Existing cross-subject fMRI decoding methods typically train a model on multiple scanned subjects and then adapt it to a new subject using substantial paired fMRI-image data. However, in realistic scenarios, new-subject fMRI data are often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jintao Guo , Lin Wang , Shumeng Li , Jian Zhang , Yulin Zhou , Luyang Cao , Hairong Zheng , Yinghuan Shi

Neurophysiological decoding, fundamental to advancing brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies, has significantly benefited from recent advances in deep learning. However, existing decoding approaches largely remain constrained to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Di Wu , Yifei Jia , Siyuan Li , Shiqi Zhao , Jie Yang , Mohamad Sawan

Cross-subject brain-to-visual decoding remains a core challenge in brain-computer interfaces due to severe inter-individual variability that induces systematic subject-specific functional misalignment. To address this issue, we propose…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jiaxiang Liu , Jiawei Du , Xupeng Chen , Guoqi Li , Jiang Cai , Simon Fong , Mingkun Xu

Visual encoding and decoding models act as gateways to understanding the neural mechanisms underlying human visual perception. Typically, visual encoding models that predict brain activity from stimuli and decoding models that reproduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Weijian Mai , Mu Nan , Yu Zhu , Jiahang Cao , Rui Zhang , Yuqin Dai , Chunfeng Song , Andrew F. Luo , Jiamin Wu

Image-to-fMRI encoding is important for both neuroscience research and practical applications. However, such "Brain-Encoders" have been typically trained per-subject and per fMRI-dataset, thus restricted to very limited training data. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Roman Beliy , Navve Wasserman , Amit Zalcher , Michal Irani

Current AI frameworks for brain decoding and encoding, typically train and test models within the same datasets. This limits their utility for brain computer interfaces (BCI) or neurofeedback, for which it would be useful to pool…

Brain decoding, understood as the process of mapping brain activities to the stimuli that generated them, has been an active research area in the last years. In the case of language stimuli, recent studies have shown that it is possible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Nicolas Affolter , Beni Egressy , Damian Pascual , Roger Wattenhofer

Improving the interpretability of brain decoding approaches is of primary interest in many neuroimaging studies. Despite extensive studies of this type, at present, there is no formal definition for interpretability of brain decoding…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-21 Seyed Mostafa Kia , Andrea Passerini

Due to the lack of paired samples and the low signal-to-noise ratio of functional MRI (fMRI) signals, reconstructing perceived natural images or decoding their semantic contents from fMRI data are challenging tasks. In this work, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yulong Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Wei Zhou , Guibo Zhu , Nanning Zheng

Combining Functional MRI (fMRI) data across different subjects and datasets is crucial for many neuroscience tasks. Relying solely on shared anatomy for brain-to-brain mapping is inadequate. Existing functional transformation methods thus…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-03-18 Navve Wasserman , Roman Beliy , Roy Urbach , Michal Irani