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Foundation models have garnered increasing attention for representation learning in remote sensing. Many such foundation models adopt approaches that have demonstrated success in computer vision with minimal domain-specific modification.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Kevin Lane , Morteza Karimzadeh

Large vision-language models (VLMs) exhibit strong performance across various tasks. However, these VLMs encounter significant challenges when applied to the remote sensing domain due to the inherent differences between remote sensing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yunkai Dang , Donghao Wang , Jiacheng Yang , Yifan Jiang , Meiyi Zhu , Yuekun Yang , Cong Wang , Qi Fan , Wenbin Li , Yang Gao

Satellite image time series (SITS) provide continuous observations of the Earth's surface, making them essential for applications such as environmental management and disaster assessment. However, existing spatiotemporal foundation models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Xiaolei Qin , Di Wang , Jing Zhang , Fengxiang Wang , Xin Su , Bo Du , Liangpei Zhang

Large-scale foundation models (FMs) in remote sensing (RS) are developed based on the paradigms established in computer vision (CV) and have shown promise for various Earth observation applications. However, the direct transfer of scaling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Leonard Hackel , Tom Burgert , Begüm Demir

Geometric information in the normalized digital surface models (nDSM) is highly correlated with the semantic class of the land cover. Exploiting two modalities (RGB and nDSM (height)) jointly has great potential to improve the segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Zhitong Xiong , Sining Chen , Yi Wang , Lichao Mou , Xiao Xiang Zhu

Effective foundation modeling in remote sensing requires spatially aligned heterogeneous modalities coupled with semantically grounded supervision, yet such resources remain limited at scale. We present GeoMeld, a large-scale multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Maram Hasan , Md Aminur Hossain , Savitra Roy , Souparna Bhowmik , Ayush V. Patel , Mainak Singha , Subhasis Chaudhuri , Muhammad Haris Khan , Biplab Banerjee

Foundation models have the potential to transform the landscape of remote sensing (RS) data analysis by enabling large computer vision models to be pre-trained on vast amounts of remote sensing data. These models can then be fine-tuned with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Caleb S. Spradlin , Jordan A. Caraballo-Vega , Jian Li , Mark L. Carroll , Jie Gong , Paul M. Montesano

Foundation models offer a promising route to transferable remote sensing representations, but many current approaches depend on very large pretraining datasets and fixed sensor configurations, limiting their suitability for ecological and…

Spatio-Temporal (ST) data science, which includes sensing, managing, and mining large-scale data across space and time, is fundamental to understanding complex systems in domains such as urban computing, climate science, and intelligent…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Yuxuan Liang , Haomin Wen , Yutong Xia , Ming Jin , Bin Yang , Flora Salim , Qingsong Wen , Shirui Pan , Gao Cong

Large foundation models (FMs) are transforming Earth science by integrating heterogeneous multimodal data, such as multi-platform imagery, gridded reanalysis data, diverse geophysical and geochemical observations, and domain-specific text,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-14 Xiangyu Zhao , Bo Liu , Yuehan Zhang , Zelin Song , Wanghan Xu , Feng Liu , Fengxiang Wang , Ben Fei , Fenghua Ling , Wangxu Wei , Wenlong Zhang , Xiao-Ming Wu

We aim to develop a robust yet flexible visual foundation model for Earth observation. It should possess strong capabilities in recognizing and localizing diverse visual targets while providing compatibility with various input-output…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Liang Yao , Fan Liu , Delong Chen , Chuanyi Zhang , Yijun Wang , Ziyun Chen , Wei Xu , Shimin Di , Yuhui Zheng

Remote sensing foundation models largely break away from the traditional paradigm of designing task-specific models, offering greater scalability across multiple tasks. However, they face challenges such as low computational efficiency and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Huiyang Hu , Peijin Wang , Hanbo Bi , Boyuan Tong , Zhaozhi Wang , Wenhui Diao , Hao Chang , Yingchao Feng , Ziqi Zhang , Yaowei Wang , Qixiang Ye , Kun Fu , Xian Sun

Foundation models refer to deep learning models pretrained on large unlabeled datasets through self-supervised algorithms. In the Earth science and remote sensing communities, there is growing interest in transforming the use of Earth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Chuc Man Duc , Hiromichi Fukui

Large AI models have been widely adopted in wireless communications for channel modeling, beamforming, and resource optimization. However, most existing efforts remain limited to single-modality inputs and channel-specific objec- tives,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Zhizhen Li , Xuanhao Luo , Xueren Ge , Longyu Zhou , Xingqin Lin , Yuchen Liu

The interpretation of multi-temporal remote sensing imagery is critical for monitoring Earth's dynamic processes-yet previous change detection methods, which produce binary or semantic masks, fall short of providing human-readable insights…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Chenyang Liu , Jiafan Zhang , Keyan Chen , Man Wang , Zhengxia Zou , Zhenwei Shi

Multimodal fusion of remote sensing images serves as a core technology for overcoming the limitations of single-source data and improving the accuracy of surface information extraction, which exhibits significant application value in fields…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Siyu Zhang , Lianlei Shan , Runhe Qiu

Earth Observation Foundation Models (EOFMs) have exploded in prevalence as tools for processing the massive volumes of remotely sensed and other earth observation data, and for delivering impact on the many essential earth monitoring tasks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Ryan P. Demilt , Nicholas LaHaye , Karis Tenneson

Quantitative remote sensing inversion aims to estimate continuous surface variables-such as biomass, vegetation indices, and evapotranspiration-from satellite observations, supporting applications in ecosystem monitoring, carbon accounting,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zhenyu Yu , Mohd Yamani Idna Idris , Hua Wang , Pei Wang , Junyi Chen , Kun Wang

Context modeling is critical for remote sensing image dense prediction tasks. Nowadays, the growing size of very-high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images poses challenges in effectively modeling context. While transformer-based models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-11 Sijie Zhao , Hao Chen , Xueliang Zhang , Pengfeng Xiao , Lei Bai , Wanli Ouyang

The advancement of RS technology has enabled high-resolution Earth observation; however, interpreting these images using modern VFMs remains a significant challenge. Unlike object-centric natural images, RS imagery is fundamentally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Keyan Chen , Chenyang Liu , Bowen Chen , Wenyuan Li , Zhengxia Zou , Shijian Lu , Zhenwei Shi