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An $(n,m)$-graph is characterised by having $n$ types of arcs and $m$ types of edges. A homomorphism of an $(n,m)$-graph $G$ to an $(n,m)$-graph $H$, is a vertex mapping that preserves adjacency, direction, and type. The $(n,m)$-chromatic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-05 Sandip Das , Abhiruk Lahiri , Soumen Nandi , Sagnik Sen , S Taruni

For every fixed graph $H$, it is known that homomorphism counts from $H$ and colorful $H$-subgraph counts can be determined in $O(n^{t+1})$ time on $n$-vertex input graphs $G$, where $t$ is the treewidth of $H$. On the other hand, a running…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-05-30 C. S. Bhargav , Shiteng Chen , Radu Curticapean , Prateek Dwivedi

We show that certain canonical realizations of the complexes Hom(G,H) and Hom_+(G,H) of (partial) graph homomorphisms studied by Babson and Kozlov are in fact instances of the polyhedral Cayley trick. For G a complete graph, we then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Julian Pfeifle

In [math.AT/9907138] we proved that strongly homotopy algebras are homotopy invariant concepts in the category of chain complexes. Our arguments were based on the fact that strongly homotopy algebras are algebras over minimal cofibrant…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Martin Markl

If $R$ is a commutative ring, $M$ a compact $R$-oriented manifold and $G$ a finite graph without loops or multiple edges, we consider the graph configuration space $M^G$ and a Bendersky-Gitler type spectral sequence converging to the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-08-30 Vladimir Baranovsky , Radmila Sazdanovic

For graphs $G$ and $H$, a mapping $f: V(G)\dom V(H)$ is a homomorphism of $G$ to $H$ if $uv\in E(G)$ implies $f(u)f(v)\in E(H).$ If, moreover, each vertex $u \in V(G)$ is associated with costs $c_i(u), i \in V(H)$, then the cost of the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2007-05-23 G. Gutin , P. Hell , A. Rafiey , A. Yeo

We extend the notion of graph homomorphism to cellularly embedded graphs (maps) by designing operations on vertices and edges that respect the surface topology; we thus obtain the first definition of map homomorphism that preserves both the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-05-08 Delia Garijo , Andrew Goodall , Lluís Vena

A mixed graph $G$ is a graph obtained from a simple undirected graph by orientating a subset of edges. $G$ is self-converse if it is isomorphic to the graph obtained from $G$ by reversing each directed edge. For two mixed graphs $G$ and $H$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-02 Wei Wang , Lihong Qiu , Jianguo Qian , Wei Wang

Suppose M is a noncompact connected PL 2-manifold and let H(M)_0 denote the identity component of the homeomorphism group of M with the compact-open topology. In this paper we classify the homotopy type of H(M)_0 by showing that {\cal…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Tatsuhiko Yagasaki

We investigate an algebraic problem related to the determination of the fundamental group of a class of spaces of configurations on surfaces. The configuration spaces are spaces of points grouped into colors. Whether two points are allowed…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2017-11-15 Marcel Bökstedt

A homomorphism from a graph $X$ to a graph $Y$ is an adjacency preserving mapping $f:V(X) \rightarrow V(Y)$. We consider a nonlocal game in which Alice and Bob are trying to convince a verifier with certainty that a graph $X$ admits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-21 Laura Mančinska , David E. Roberson

In this paper, we extend the definition of cohomology associated to monotone graph properties, to encompass twisted functor coefficients. We introduce oriented matchings on graphs, and focus on their (twisted) cohomology groups. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-08 Luigi Caputi , Daniele Celoria , Carlo Collari

An ordered graph is a graph enhanced with a linear order on the vertex set. An ordered graph is a core if it does not have an order-preserving homomorphism to a proper subgraph. We say that $H$ is the core of $G$ if (i) $H$ is a core, (ii)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Michal Čertík , Andreas Emil Feldmann , Jaroslav Nešetřil , Paweł Rzążewski

We introduce $k$-robust clique complexes, a family of simplicial complexes that generalizes the traditional clique complex. Here, a subset of vertices forms a simplex provided it does not contain an independent set of size $k$. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-02 Marek Filakovský

Two graphs $G$ and $H$ are homomorphism indistinguishable over a graph class $\mathcal{F}$ if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from every graph $F \in \mathcal{F}$. Many graph isomorphism relaxations such as (quantum) isomorphism…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marek Černý , Tim Seppelt

In recent work by Johnson et al. (2022), a framework was described for the study of graph problems over classes specified by omitting each of a finite set of graphs as subgraphs. If a problem falls into the framework then its computational…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Tala Eagling-Vose , Barnaby Martin , Daniel Paulusma , Siani Smith

We study the complexity of a class of promise graph homomorphism problems. For a fixed graph H, the H-colouring problem is to decide whether a given graph has a homomorphism to H. By a result of Hell and Ne\v{s}et\v{r}il, this problem is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Sergey Avvakumov , Marek Filakovský , Jakub Opršal , Gianluca Tasinato , Uli Wagner

We show that the category of graphs has the structure of a 2-category with homotopy as the 2-cells. We then develop an explicit description of homotopies for finite graphs, in terms of what we call `spider moves'. We then create a category…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Tien Chih , Laura Scull

Let $f$ be a real- or circle-valued Morse function on a compact surface M having exactly $n>0$ critical points. Denote by $O$ the orbit of $f$ with respect to the right action of the group of diffeomorphisms of $M$. We show that the…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2015-12-25 Sergiy Maksymenko

We study how the number $c(X)$ of components of a graph $X$ can be expressed through the number and properties of the components of a quotient graph $X/\sim.$ We partially rely on classic qualifications of graph homomorphisms such as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-07-25 Daniela Bubboloni