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We study the sample complexity of shadow tomography in the high-precision regime under realistic measurement constraints. Given an unknown $d$-dimensional quantum state $\rho$ and a known set of observables $\{O_i\}_{i=1}^m$, the goal is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Senrui Chen , Weiyuan Gong , Sisi Zhou

In characterization of quantum systems, adapting measurement settings based on data while it is collected can generally outperform in efficiency conventional measurements that are carried out independently of data. The existing methods for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Markku P. V. Stenberg , Frank K. Wilhelm

Quantum parameter estimation has many applications, from gravitational wave detection to quantum key distribution. We present the first experimental demonstration of the time-symmetric technique of quantum smoothing. We consider both…

We propose novel randomized optimization methods for high-dimensional convex problems based on restrictions of variables to random subspaces. We consider oblivious and data-adaptive subspaces and study their approximation properties via…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Jonathan Lacotte , Mert Pilanci

Randomized measurement protocols such as classical shadows represent powerful resources for quantum technologies, with applications ranging from quantum state characterization and process tomography to machine learning and error mitigation.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Laurin E. Fischer , Timothée Dao , Ivano Tavernelli , Francesco Tacchino

The ability of quantum computers to directly manipulate and analyze quantum states stored in quantum memory allows them to learn about aspects of our physical world that would otherwise be invisible given a modest number of measurements.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Robbie King , Kianna Wan , Jarrod McClean

Classical shadow tomography has become a powerful tool in learning about quantum states prepared on a quantum computer. Recent works have used classical shadows to variationally enforce N-representability conditions on the 2-particle…

Efficiently learning expectation values of a quantum state using classical shadow tomography has become a fundamental task in quantum information theory. In a classical shadows protocol, one measures a state in a chosen basis W after it has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-04 Maxwell West , Antonio Anna Mele , Martin Larocca , M. Cerezo

Randomized measurement protocols, including classical shadows, entanglement tomography, and randomized benchmarking are powerful techniques to estimate observables, perform state tomography, or extract the entanglement properties of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Jacob Bringewatt , Jonathan Kunjummen , Niklas Mueller

Classical shadow tomography serves as a potent tool for extracting numerous properties from quantum many-body systems with minimal measurements. Nevertheless, prevailing methods yielding optimal performance for few-body operators…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-11 Tian-Gang Zhou , Pengfei Zhang

We study supervised learning algorithms in which a quantum device is used to perform a computational subroutine - either for prediction via probability estimation, or to compute a kernel via estimation of quantum states overlap. We design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Ulysse Chabaud , Damian Markham , Adel Sohbi

A recently identified class of receivers which demultiplex an optical field into a set of orthogonal spatial modes prior to detection can surpass canonical diffraction limits on spatial resolution for simple incoherent imaging tasks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-05 Michael R Grace , Zachary Dutton , Amit Ashok , Saikat Guha

We consider sequential hypothesis testing between two quantum states using adaptive and non-adaptive strategies. In this setting, samples of an unknown state are requested sequentially and a decision to either continue or to accept one of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Yonglong Li , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Marco Tomamichel

Classical shadow tomography is a powerful randomized measurement protocol for predicting many properties of a quantum state with few measurements. Two classical shadow protocols have been extensively studied in the literature: the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-07 Ahmed A. Akhtar , Hong-Ye Hu , Yi-Zhuang You

With nowadays steadily growing quantum processors, it is required to develop new quantum tomography tools that are tailored for high-dimensional systems. In this work, we describe such a computational tool, based on recent ideas from…

We give the first tight sample complexity bounds for shadow tomography and classical shadows in the regime where the target error is below some sufficiently small inverse polynomial in the dimension of the Hilbert space. Formally we give a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-22 Sitan Chen , Jerry Li , Allen Liu

Squeezed light enables quantum-enhanced phase estimation, with crucial applications in both fundamental physics and emerging technologies. To fully exploit the advantage provided by this approach, estimation protocols must remain optimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Giorgio Minati , Enrico Urbani , Nicolò Spagnolo , Valeria Cimini , Fabio Sciarrino

We study single-copy shadow tomography in the adversarial robust setting, where the goal is to learn the expectation values of $M$ observables $O_1, \ldots, O_M$ with $\varepsilon$ accuracy, but $\gamma$-fraction of the outcomes can be…

Photonic quantum metrology harnesses quantum states of light, such as NOON or Twin-Fock states, to measure unknown parameters beyond classical precision limits. Current protocols suffer from two severe limitations that preclude their…

We perform several numerical studies for our recently published adaptive compressive tomography scheme [D. Ahn et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 122, 100404 (2019)], which significantly reduces the number of measurement settings to unambiguously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-31 D. Ahn , Y. S. Teo , H. Jeong , D. Koutny , J. Rehacek , Z. Hradil , G. Leuchs , L. L. Sanchez-Soto