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Malware detection in IoT environments necessitates robust methodologies. This study introduces a CNN-LSTM hybrid model for IoT malware identification and evaluates its performance against established methods. Leveraging K-fold…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ali Mehrban , Pegah Ahadian

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are powerful tools for modeling sequential data, where the underlying states evolve in a stochastic manner and are only indirectly observable. Traditional HMM approaches are well-established for linear sequences,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Farzan Vafa , Sahand Hormoz

The Baum-Welsh algorithm together with its derivatives and variations has been the main technique for learning Hidden Markov Models (HMM) from observational data. We present an HMM learning algorithm based on the non-negative matrix…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-01-11 George Cybenko , Valentino Crespi

Digital systems find it challenging to keep up with cybersecurity threats. The daily emergence of more than 560,000 new malware strains poses significant hazards to the digital ecosystem. The traditional malware detection methods fail to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Abrar Fahim , Shamik Dey , Md. Nurul Absur , Md Kamrul Siam , Md. Tahmidul Huque , Jafreen Jafor Godhuli

Malware classification is a contemporary and ongoing challenge in cyber-security: modern obfuscation techniques are able to evade traditional static analysis, while dynamic analysis is too resource intensive to be deployed at a large scale.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Jack Wilkie , Hanan Hindy , Ivan Andonovic , Christos Tachtatzis , Robert Atkinson

Malware detection has become a major concern due to the increasing number and complexity of malware. Traditional detection methods based on signatures and heuristics are used for malware detection, but unfortunately, they suffer from poor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Tristan Bilot , Nour El Madhoun , Khaldoun Al Agha , Anis Zouaoui

The hidden Markov model (HMM) is a fundamental tool for sequence modeling that cleanly separates the hidden state from the emission structure. However, this separation makes it difficult to fit HMMs to large datasets in modern NLP, and they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Justin T. Chiu , Alexander M. Rush

Behavioral malware detection aims to improve on the performance of static signature-based techniques used by anti-virus systems, which are less effective against modern polymorphic and metamorphic malware. Behavioral malware classification…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Bander Alsulami , Spiros Mancoridis

In this work we propose a hybrid NN/HMM model for online Arabic handwriting recognition. The proposed system is based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Multi Layer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNNs). The input signal is segmented to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-01-03 Najiba Tagougui , Houcine Boubaker , Monji Kherallah , Adel M. ALIMI

We present a lightweight approach to sequence classification using Ensemble Methods for Hidden Markov Models (HMMs). HMMs offer significant advantages in scenarios with imbalanced or smaller datasets due to their simplicity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Maxime Kawawa-Beaudan , Srijan Sood , Soham Palande , Ganapathy Mani , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

Today anti-malware community is facing challenges due to the ever-increasing sophistication and volume of malware attacks developed by adversaries. Traditional malware detection mechanisms are not able to cope-up with next-generation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Hemant Rathore , Sanjay K. Sahay , Shivin Thukral , Mohit Sewak

We develop a latent variable model and an efficient spectral algorithm motivated by the recent emergence of very large data sets of chromatin marks from multiple human cell types. A natural model for chromatin data in one cell type is a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-09 Chicheng Zhang , Jimin Song , Kevin C Chen , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Behavior of a malware varies with respect to malware types. Therefore,knowing type of a malware affects strategies of system protection softwares. Many malware type classification models empowered by machine and deep learning achieve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-25 Aykut Çayır , Uğur Ünal , Hasan Dağ

In recent years, there has been a significant surge in malware attacks, necessitating more advanced preventive measures and remedial strategies. While several successful AI-based malware classification approaches exist categorized into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Quincy Card , Daniel Simpson , Kshitiz Aryal , Maanak Gupta , Sheikh Rabiul Islam

We propose DenseHMM - a modification of Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) that allows to learn dense representations of both the hidden states and the observables. Compared to the standard HMM, transition probabilities are not atomic but composed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Joachim Sicking , Maximilian Pintz , Maram Akila , Tim Wirtz

In this paper, we propose a novel model for a malware classification system based on Application Programming Interface (API) calls and opcodes, to improve classification accuracy. This system uses a novel design of combined Convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita

In this paper, we explore the class of the Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM), a flexible extension of the popular Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that allows the underlying stochastic process to be a semi-Markov chain. HSMMs are typically used less…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-26 Patrick Aschermayr , Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos

The popularity of dynamic malware analysis has grown significantly, as it enables analysts to observe the behavior of executing samples, thereby enhancing malware detection and classification decisions. With the continuous increase in new…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Ran Liu , Charles Nicholas

Managing the threat posed by malware requires accurate detection and classification techniques. Traditional detection strategies, such as signature scanning, rely on manual analysis of malware to extract relevant features, which is labor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Vrinda Malhotra , Katerina Potika , Mark Stamp

Malware classification is a difficult problem, to which machine learning methods have been applied for decades. Yet progress has often been slow, in part due to a number of unique difficulties with the task that occur through all stages of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Edward Raff , Charles Nicholas